Age- and sex-dependent effects of DNA glycosylase Neil3 on amyloid pathology, adult neurogenesis, and memory in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Oxidative stress generating DNA damage has been shown to be a key characteristic in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, how it affects the pathogenesis of AD is not yet fully understood. Neil3 is a DNA glycosylase initiating repair of oxidative DNA base lesions and with a distinct expression pattern in proliferating cells.

A gene panel, including LRP12, is frequently hypermethylated in major types of B-cell lymphoma.

Epigenetic modifications and DNA methylation in particular, have been recognized as important mechanisms to alter gene expression in malignant cells. Here, we identified candidate genes which were upregulated after an epigenetic treatment of B-cell lymphoma cell lines (Burkitt's lymphoma, BL; Follicular lymphoma, FL; Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, DLBCL activated B-cell like, ABC; and germinal center like, GCB) and simultaneously expressed at low levels in samples from lymphoma patients. Qualitative methylation analysis of 24 candidate genes in cell lines revealed five methylated genes (BMP7, BMPER, CDH1, DUSP4 and LRP12), which were further subjected to quantitative methylation analysis in clinical samples from 59 lymphoma patients (BL, FL, DLBCL ABC and GCB; and primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma, PMBL).

Colorectal cancer DNA methylation marker panel validated with high performance in Non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Genes with altered DNA methylation can be used as biomarkers for cancer detection and assessment of prognosis. Here we analyzed the methylation status of a colorectal cancer biomarker panel (CNRIP1, FBN1, INA, MAL, SNCA, and SPG20) in 97 cancer cell lines, derived from 17 different cancer types. Interestingly, the genes were frequently methylated also in hematological cancer types and were therefore subjected to analyses in primary tumor samples from the major types of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) and in healthy controls.

Identification of highly methylated genes across various types of B-cell non-hodgkin lymphoma.

Epigenetic alterations of gene expression are important in the development of cancer. In this study, we identified genes which are epigenetically altered in major lymphoma types. We used DNA microarray technology to assess changes in gene expression after treatment of 11 lymphoma cell lines with epigenetic drugs.

Factors involved in inflammation-induced developmental white matter damage.

Developmental white matter damage is a brain pathology associated with several long-term neurological disorders. An inflammatory insult has been suggested as the major instigating event. This study investigated the relative influence of inflammation, blood-brain barrier permeability and glial ontogeny in white matter damage.

A prospective, randomized, controlled trial of covered expandable metal stents in the palliation of malignant esophageal obstruction at the gastroesophageal junction.

Objective: Palliation of malignant esophageal obstruction is an important clinical problem. Expandable metal stents are a major advance in therapy, but many stents become obstructed because of tumor ingrowth. The aim of this study was to compare a new, membrane-covered expandable metal stent to conventional prostheses in a randomized controlled trial.

A prospective trial of a new self-expanding plastic stent for malignant esophageal obstruction.

Objective: We studied a new expandable plastic stent in the palliation of malignant esophageal obstruction.

Methods: Eight patients with malignant esophageal obstruction and dysphagia were studied. An expandable covered plastic stent made of polyester netting and covered with a silicone membrane was inserted and released into the stenosis.

Human tissue responses to metal stents.

Metal stents have become an important addition to therapeutic strategies available for incurable gastrointestinal malignancies. The responses of human tissues to the presence of metal stents are important for several reasons. The first is to understand the mechanism by which stents are anchored in the stenosis, as this will prevent migration of stents.

Palliation of malignant esophageal obstruction due to intrinsic and extrinsic lesions with expandable metal stents.

Objective: Metal stents have become the standard of care for esophageal stenting. The aim of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of metal stents for the palliation of dysphagia caused by extraesophageal malignancies compressing the esophagus, compared with that caused by intrinsic lesions involving the esophagus.

Methods: Expandable metal stents were placed in 46 consecutive patients with dysphagia caused by malignant extrinsic compression of the esophagus (n=24) and intrinsic esophageal strictures (n=22).

Metal stents for the palliation of inoperable upper gastrointestinal stenoses.

We sought to determine the efficacy of metal stents in the palliation of malignant upper gastrointestinal stenoses. Six patients with inoperable malignant obstruction of the upper gastrointestinal tract, intractable nausea and vomiting, and an inability to maintain an oral intake were studied. A metal stent was inserted under endoscopic control and deployed in the stenosis.

A prospective trial of self-expanding metal stents in the palliation of malignant esophageal obstruction after failure of primary curative therapy.

Background: Self-expanding metal stents have been shown to be safe and effective for the primary palliation of patients with inoperable malignant esophageal obstruction. We sought to determine their safety and efficacy in patients who fail curative therapy.

Methods: Seventeen patients with esophageal carcinoma who had recurrent dysphagia after radiation, surgery, or chemoradiation therapy for esophageal carcinoma were studied.

Human tissue responses to metal stents implanted in vivo for the palliation of malignant stenoses.

Background: We sought to determine the histologic effects of metal stent placement on tumor tissue and on normal tissue proximal and distal to the tumor in patients with expandable metal stents implanted in vivo.

Methods: Twelve patients with 10 to 16 mm uncovered Wallstents were studied, 5 with esophageal stents, 4 with biliary stents and 3 with antral-duodenal stents. Stent duration ranged from 18 days to 15 months.

Treatment of esophageal fistulas with a new polyurethane-covered, self-expanding mesh stent: a prospective study.

Objectives: Esophagorespiratory fistulas are serious complications of malignant disease in the esophagus and are associated with rapid deterioration and death. Palliation has thus far consisted of insertion of a plastic stent to occlude the fistula opening. Insertion of these stents is associated with a high complication rate.

Relief of malignant external gastric obstruction by endoscopic implantation of a self-expanding metal stent.

We report on the case of a 63-year-old woman with a gastric stenosis caused by peritoneal carcinomatosis. Vomiting and nausea disappeared after the implantation of a self-expanding metal stent in the 5 cm-long stenosis, and the patient was able to maintain a normal diet. She was discharged from hospital and remained in good condition for 14 weeks.

A controlled trial of an expansile metal stent for palliation of esophageal obstruction due to inoperable cancer.

Background: Esophageal obstruction due to cancer can produce debilitating dysphagia. Rapid palliation is usually possible with endoscopic placement of a plastic esophageal prosthesis, but this device has a high rate of complications. A new alternative is a metal-mesh stent that collapses to 3 mm in diameter at placement but can then expand up to 16 mm.

Technical failure of biliary metal stent deployment in a series of 116 applications.

Biliary metal stents are thought to offer improved long-term palliation of malignant biliary obstruction due to a lower incidence of migration and clogging. Placement of these stents is technically more complicated than that of plastic endoprostheses and requires two experienced physicians. We report the incidence and reasons for apparent malfunction of expandable metal stent deployment (Wallstents and Strecker stents).

Self-expanding metal stents for palliation of malignant esophageal obstruction--a pilot study of eight patients.

We sought to determine whether the application of a self-expanding metal stent enables palliation of malignant dysphagia with minimal risk. The results of pilot studies from two centers are reported. We treated 8 inoperable patients with a 14 mm self-expanding metal stent (Wallstent).

[The palliative therapy of malignant esophageal obstruction with self-expanding metal endoprostheses].

A total of 23 self-expanding metal stents were implanted in 17 patients (12 men, 5 women; mean age 66 [44-83] years) with inoperable malignant obstruction of the oesophagus or the oesophago-gastric junction. A primary success was achieved in all, a good functional result in 16 (94%). There were no complications.

[Spontaneous and iatrogenic choledochoduodenal fistula--endoscopic diagnosis and therapy].

A series of 17 cases of choledochoduodenal fistulas encountered in a 9.5-year-period (1978-1987) with 1140 endoscopic papillotomy (EPT) is presented (1.6%).

Coexistence of somatostatin-immunoreactivity in an adrenal pheochromocytoma and a thyroid medullary carcinoma (Sipple syndrome).

The presence of somatostatin-immunoreactivity in tumor tissue of adrenal pheochromocytoma and thyroid medullary carcinoma identified by peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique is reported in one case of Sipple syndrome. This patient was found to have a high concentration of somatostatin-immunoreactivity in the peripheral blood (40 ng/l, normal 0-20 ng/l). After removal of the tumors, the plasma somatostatin-immunoreactivity fell within normal range (12.