Impact of a sugar-sweetened beverage tax on sugar producers in Ukraine.

Taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages can promote health and raise revenue. Whether these taxes negatively impact domestic sugar producers, an argument often made by opponents, is understudied. We extended a simulation model based on a uniform specific volume-based tax of UAH 4/L in Ukraine.

Associations of 1,5-Anhydroglucitol and 2-Hour Glucose with Major Clinical Outcomes in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.

Background: 1,5-Anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) is a novel biomarker of glycemic control proposed to monitor recent hyperglycemic excursions in persons with diabetes. The clinical utility of 1,5-AG outside of diagnosed diabetes is unclear, but it may identify people at high risk for diabetes and its complications. We compared associations of 1,5-AG with 2-h glucose for risk of major clinical complications.

The Risks of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality Following Weight Change in Adults with Diabetes: Results from ADVANCE.

Context: Weight loss is strongly recommended for overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes. Unintentional weight loss is associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality, but few studies have examined its association with cardiovascular outcomes in patients with diabetes.

Objective: To evaluate 2-year weight change and subsequent risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in established type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes and Trajectories of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate: A Prospective Cohort Analysis of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.

Objective: To characterize long-term kidney disease trajectories in persons with and without diabetes in a general population.

Research Design And Methods: We classified 15,517 participants in the community-based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study by diabetes status at baseline (1987-1989; no diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, and diagnosed diabetes). We used linear mixed models with random intercepts and slopes to quantify estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) trajectories at four visits over 26 years.

Establishment of Community-Based Reference Intervals for Fructosamine, Glycated Albumin, and 1,5-Anhydroglucitol.

Background: There is growing interest in fructosamine, glycated albumin, and 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) as alternative measures of hyperglycemia, particularly for use in settings where traditional measures (glucose and HbA1c) are problematic or where intermediate (2-4 weeks) glycemic control is of interest. However, reference intervals for these alternative biomarkers are not established.

Methods: We measured fructosamine, glycated albumin, and 1,5-AG in a community-based sample of US black and white adults who participated in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.

The Association of Severe Hypoglycemia With Incident Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: There is suggestive evidence linking hypoglycemia with cardiovascular disease, but few data have been collected in a community-based setting. Information is lacking on individual cardiovascular outcomes and cause-specific mortality.

Research Design And Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort analysis of 1,209 participants with diagnosed diabetes from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study (analytic baseline, 1996-1998).

Performance of non-traditional hyperglycemia biomarkers by chronic kidney disease status in older adults with diabetes: Results from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.

Background: In people with chronic kidney disease (CKD), HbA1c may be a problematic measure of glycemic control. Glycated albumin and fructosamine have been proposed as better markers of hyperglycemia in CKD. In the present study we investigated associations of HbA1c, glycated albumin, and fructosamine with fasting glucose by CKD categories.

Comparative prognostic performance of definitions of prediabetes: a prospective cohort analysis of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.

Background: No consensus on definitions of prediabetes exists among international organisations. Analysis of associations with different definitions and clinical complications can inform the comparative value of different prediabetes definitions. We compared the risk of future outcomes across different prediabetes definitions based on fasting glucose concentration, HbA, and 2 h glucose concentration during over two decades of follow-up in the community-based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.

Light intensity and light source influence on secondary organic aerosol formation for the m-xylene/NO(x) photooxidation system.

A series of m-xylene/NO(x) photooxidation experiments were conducted to determine the influence of light intensity and radiation spectrum on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation within the UC Riverside/CE-CERT environmental chamber. The environmental chamber is equipped with 80 115-W black lights and a variable voltage 200 kW argon arc lamp that emits a wavelength spectrum more similar to natural light. SOA formation increased significantly with light intensity, measured as the photolysis rate of NO2 to NO (k1), increased from 0.

Trimethylamine as precursor to secondary organic aerosol formation via nitrate radical reaction in the atmosphere.

Amines in fine particulate matter have been detected and quantified during ambient studies of winter inversions in Logan, UT, using aerosol mass spectrometry. Amine-related compounds account for 0.5-6 microg m(-3) of fine particulate mass during some wintertime periods.

Secondary organic aerosol formation from m-xylene in the absence of NOx.

Formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from m-xylene photoxidation in the absence of NOx was investigated in a series of smog chamber experiments. Experiments were performed in dry air and in the absence of seed aerosol with H2O2 photolysis providing a stable hydroxyl radical (OH radical) source. SOA formation from this study is exceptionally higher than experiments with existence of NOx.

Secondary organic aerosol formation from the photooxidation of p- and o-xylene.

The formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from the photooxidation of xylene isomers (m-, p-, and o-xylenes) has been extensively investigated. The dependence of SOA aerosol formation on the structure of xylene isomers in the presence of NO was confirmed. Generally, SOA formation of p-xylene was less than that of m- and o-xylenes.

Impact of propene on secondary organic aerosol formation from m-xylene.

Propene is widely used in smog chamber experiments to increase the hydroxyl radical (OH) level based on the assumption that the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from parent hydrocarbon is unaffected. A series of m-xylene/NO(x) photooxidation experiments were conducted in the presence of propene in the University of California CE-CERT atmospheric chamber facility. The experimental data are compared with previous m-xylene/N0(x) photooxidation work performed in the same chamber facility in the absence of propene (Song et al.