Effects of pH on Olfactory Behaviours in Male Shore Crabs, .

The effects of climate change are becoming more apparent, predominantly concerning the impacts of ocean acidification on calcifying species. Many marine organisms rely on chemical signals for processes such as foraging for food, predator avoidance, or locating mates. The process of how chemical cues in marine invertebrates function, and how this sensory mode is affected by pH levels, is less researched.

Nursing workload and patient-focused outcomes in intensive care: A systematic review.

The aim of this systematic review was to examine the association of nursing workload on patient outcomes in intensive care units. The primary outcome measure was patient mortality, with adverse events (AE), the secondary outcome measures. Electronic search of databases including MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane, EMCARE, Scopus, and Web of Science were performed.

Virtual Health Promotion Work-Integrated Learning Placements: A COVID-19 Consequence or Preparation for the Future?

We explored student and industry supervisors' experiences of virtual work-integrated learning (vWIL) health promotion placements during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a descriptive phenomenological qualitative methodology, we conducted semi-structured interviews with eight students and eight supervisors of undergraduate health promotion-related placements at community, not-for-profit and government organizations. We asked participants about the aspects of their placement they found most enjoyable and challenging, their preparation, workload, and thoughts on placement structure.

Methods of teaching evidence-based practice: a systematic review.

Background: To identify the effectiveness of different teaching modalities on student evidence-based practice (EBP) competency.

Methods: Electronic searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Cochrane central register of controlled trials, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ERIC, A + Education and AEI through to November 2021. We included randomised-controlled trials comparing EBP teaching modes on EBP knowledge, skills, attitudes or behaviour in undergraduate and post-graduate health professions education.

Role of Massed Versus Distributed Practice in Learning Novel Foreign Language Utterances.

The current study compared the role of massed versus distributed practice in learning novel foreign language utterances. Fifty healthy native English-speaking participants were randomly assigned to either massed or distributed practice groups. All participants practiced eight novel French utterances 25 times each for a total of 200 times, with the spacing of practice sessions differing between the two groups.

Self-Reported Sitting Time, Physical Activity and Fibrinolytic and Other Novel Cardio-Metabolic Biomarkers in Active Swedish Seniors.

Background: Too much sitting is linked with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. The mediating mechanisms for these associations are largely unknown, however dysregulated fibrinolysis have emerged as a possible contributor.

Objective: We examined the associations of self-reported overall sitting time and physical activity with fibrinolytic and other novel cardio-metabolic biomarkers in older adults.

Acute effects of breaking up prolonged sitting on fatigue and cognition: a pilot study.

Objectives: To compare the acute effects of uninterrupted sitting with sitting interrupted by brief bouts of light-intensity walking on self-reported fatigue, cognition, neuroendocrine biomarkers and cardiometabolic risk markers in overweight/obese adults.

Design: Randomised two-condition crossover trial.

Setting: Laboratory study conducted in Melbourne, Australia.

Independent and combined effects of physical activity and body mass index on the development of Type 2 Diabetes - a meta-analysis of 9 prospective cohort studies.

Background: The aim of this harmonized meta-analysis was to examine the independent and combined effects of physical activity and BMI on the incidence of type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Our systematic literature review in 2011 identified 127 potentially relevant prospective studies of which 9 fulfilled the inclusion criteria (total N = 117,878, 56.2 % female, mean age = 50.

Associations of Low- and High-Intensity Light Activity with Cardiometabolic Biomarkers.

Purpose: Light-intensity physical activity (LIPA) accounts for much of adults' waking hours (≈40%) and substantially contributes to overall daily energy expenditure. Encompassing activity behaviors of low intensity (standing with little movement) to those of higher intensity (slow walking), LIPA is ubiquitous, yet little is known about how associations with health may vary depending on its intensity. We examined the associations of objectively assessed LIPA (categorized as either low LIPA [LLPA] or high LIPA [HLPA]) and moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity with cardiometabolic risk biomarkers.

Associations of television viewing time with adults' well-being and vitality.

Objective: Television (TV) viewing, a common leisure-time sedentary behaviour, is associated adversely with cardio-metabolic health, fatigue, depression and mental health. However, associations of TV viewing time with health-related quality of life attributes are less well understood. We examined associations of TV viewing time with physical well-being, mental well-being and vitality in a large population-based sample of Australian adults.

Television viewing over the life course and the metabolic syndrome in mid-adulthood: a longitudinal population-based study.

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that television (TV) viewing is associated with cardio-metabolic risk, but little is known about how this relationship unfolds over the life course. This study employs a life course epidemiological framework by examining the potential cumulative effect of frequent TV viewing during adolescence and young adulthood on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in mid-adulthood; and whether TV viewing during adolescence constitutes a sensitive period for the development of the metabolic syndrome in mid-adulthood.

Methods: We used data from the Northern Swedish Cohort, a nationally representative cohort comprising 855 participants (80% of the baseline sample).

Associations of overall sitting time and TV viewing time with fibrinogen and C reactive protein: the AusDiab study.

Background/aim: Sedentary behaviour is associated with increased risk for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Plasma fibrinogen and C reactive protein (CRP)-key inflammatory and/or haemostatic markers-may contribute to this association; however, few studies have examined their relationships with sedentary behaviours. We examined associations of overall sitting and TV viewing time with fibrinogen and high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP).

Higher extracellular fluid volume in women is concealed by scaling to body surface area.

Objective: The objective was to assess body surface area (BSA) for scaling extracellular fluid volume (ECV) in comparison with estimated lean body mass (LBM) and total body water (TBW) across a range of body mass indices (BMI).

Methods: This was a multi-centre study from 15 centres that submitted raw data from routine measurement of GFR in potential kidney transplant donors. There were 819 men and 1059 women in total.

Light-intensity physical activity and cardiometabolic biomarkers in US adolescents.

Background: The minimal physical activity intensity that would confer health benefits among adolescents is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of accelerometer-derived light-intensity (split into low and high) physical activity, and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity with cardiometabolic biomarkers in a large population-based sample.

Methods: The study is based on 1,731 adolescents, aged 12-19 years from the 2003/04 and 2005/06 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Impact on hemostatic parameters of interrupting sitting with intermittent activity.

Introduction: Excessive sitting has been associated with an elevated risk of vascular conditions, particularly venous thrombosis. Interrupting sitting time with intermittent physical activity can reduce venous stasis; however, impacts on other aspects of thrombogenesis are less understood.

Purpose: To examine the effects of interrupting sitting time on blood coagulation and blood volume parameters in sedentary, middle-age, overweight/obese adults (11 men and 8 women; age = 53.

Too much sitting--a health hazard.

In contemporary society, prolonged sitting has been engineered into our lives across many settings, including transportation, the workplace, and the home. There is new evidence that too much sitting (also known as sedentary behavior - which involves very low energy expenditure, such as television viewing and desk-bound work) is adversely associated with health outcomes, including cardio-metabolic risk biomarkers, type 2 diabetes and premature mortality. Importantly, these detrimental associations remain even after accounting for time spent in leisure time physical activity.

The reliability of glomerular filtration rate measured from plasma clearance: a multi-centre study of 1,878 healthy potential renal transplant donors.

Purpose: The objective of the study was to undertake a clinical audit of departmental performance in the measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using the coefficient of variation (CV) of extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) as the benchmark. ECFV is held within narrow limits in healthy subjects, narrower than GFR, and should therefore have a low CV.

Methods: Fifteen departments participated in this retrospective study of healthy renal transplant donors.

Extracellular fluid volume and glomerular filtration rate in 1878 healthy potential renal transplant donors: effects of age, gender, obesity and scaling.

Unlabelled: Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of age, gender, obesity and scaling on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and extracellular fluid volume (ECV) in healthy subjects.

Methods: This is a retrospective multi-centre study of 1878 healthy prospective kidney transplant donors (819 men) from 15 centres.

Effects of smoking and hypertension on wall shear stress and oscillatory shear index at the site of intracranial aneurysm formation.

Objective: The mechanisms by which smoking and hypertension lead to increased incidence of intracranial aneurysm (IA) formation remain poorly understood. The current study investigates the effects of these risk factors on wall shear stress (WSS) and oscillatory shear index (OSI) at the site of IA initiation.

Methods: Two (n=2) IAs from two patients with history of smoking and hypertension were artificially removed with the help of software @neuFuse (Supercomputing Solutions, Bologna, Italy) and the vessel geometry reconstructed to mimic the condition prior to IA formation.