Assessment of serum HE4 levels throughout the normal menstrual cycle.

Background: Human epididymis protein 4 is a serum biomarker to aid in differentiating benign and malignant disease in women with a pelvic mass. Interpretation of human epididymis protein 4 results relies on robust normative data.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether human epididymis protein 4 levels are variable in women during the normal menstrual cycle.

Levels of antimüllerian hormone in serum during the normal menstrual cycle.

Objective: To determine whether levels of antimüllerian hormone (AMH) in serum vary during the normal menstrual cycle, using the most recently developed immunoassay method.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Local community.

Preconception counseling: do patients learn about genetics from their obstetrician gynecologists?

Purpose: The purpose of this observational survey study is to assess genetic knowledge in reproductive-aged women and to determine the role played by their obstetricians in their education.

Methods: A 31-item survey was distributed via an internet survey service to women between the ages of 18 and 45. The survey included subject demographics, a query regarding the source of subjects' knowledge of genetics, and 6 question genetics quiz with 3 fundamental questions and 3 advanced questions.

G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) expression in normal and abnormal endometrium.

Rapid estrogen effects are mediated by membrane receptors, and evidence suggests a role for both a membrane-associated form of estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1; ERα) and G-protein coupled receptor 30 (GPER; GPR30). Considering estrogen's importance in endometrial physiology and endometriosis pathophysiology, we hypothesized that GPER could be involved in both cyclic changes in endometrial estrogen action and that aberrant expression might be seen in the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis. Using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical analysis of normal endometrium, endometrial samples demonstrated cycle-regulated expression of GPER, with maximal expression in the proliferative phase.

Maternal antimullerian hormone levels do not predict fetal aneuploidy.

Purpose: To determine if diminished ovarian reserve (measured by maternal antimullerian hormone (AMH) levels), is associated with fetal aneuploidy (determined by prenatal karyotype).

Methods: This case-control study included 213 women with singleton pregnancies who underwent both serum aneuploidy screening and invasive prenatal diagnosis. 18 patients carrying an aneuploid fetus served as cases and the remaining 195 women with a euploid fetus were controls.

The impact of smoking on antimüllerian hormone levels in women aged 38 to 50 years.

Objective: Smoking is associated with increased follicle-stimulating hormone levels and early menopause. Smoking may directly accelerate ovarian follicular depletion or may act indirectly by increasing the pituitary production of follicle-stimulating hormone. Antimüllerian hormone (AMH), produced by ovarian follicles, is a more direct measure of ovarian reserve.

Cyclic regulation of transcription factor C/EBP beta in human endometrium.

Background: The transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) beta is a critical mediator of murine endometrial function during embryo implantation. Our objective is to characterize changes in C/EBP beta mRNA abundance and protein localization over the normal human menstrual cycle.

Methods: Fifty normally cycling volunteers without reproductive disorders were randomized to undergo endometrial sampling on a specific cycle day, with secretory phase samples timed using urinary LH surge.

A case report of successful pregnancy in a patient with pure 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis.

Objective: To report a successful pregnancy in a patient with pure 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis.

Design: Case report.

Setting: Academic reproductive endocrinology and infertility unit.

A multiple marker model to predict pregnancy viability when progesterone is indeterminate.

Objective: To develop a model to differentiate viable from nonviable pregnancies at a single first-trimester visit.

Study Design: This prospective cohort study included 256 symptomatic women in the first trimester who presented to our urgent care unit in Providence, Rhode Island, between 2002 and 2004. Predictors of pregnancy viability were collected, including clinical information and serum samples for several biomarkers.