Specific immuno-imaging of pulmonary-resident memory lymphocytes in human lungs.

Introduction: Pulmonary-resident memory T cells (T) and B cells (B) orchestrate protective immunity to reinfection with respiratory pathogens. Developing methods for the detection of these populations would benefit both research and clinical settings.

Methods: To address this need, we developed a novel immunolabelling approach combined with clinic-ready fibre-based optical endomicroscopy (OEM) to detect canonical markers of lymphocyte tissue residency in human lungs undergoing lung ventilation (EVLV).

Comparison of Student Pharmacists' Knowledge Retention Utilizing Electronic Health Records Versus Simultaneously Completing Simulated Experiences.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the addition of standardized patients or the addition of interprofessional student teams with standardized patients to the use of a simulated electronic health record improved student knowledge retention and perceptions. This was a prospective cohort study assessing three cohorts of first-year student pharmacists in pharmacy skills laboratory activities that occurred in 2018, 2019, and 2021. The primary objective of the study was to compare knowledge retention of the case material between groups at one month.

Impact of Standardized Simulated Patients on First-Year Pharmacy Students' Knowledge Retention of Insulin Injection Technique and Counseling Skills.

To compare pre- and post-intervention test scores assessing insulin injection technique and counseling skills among P1 students with (intervention) or without (control) simulated patients, and to compare counseling checklist and knowledge retention test scores between groups. This study utilized cluster randomization. In addition to traditional instruction, the intervention group counseled a simulated patient on the use of insulin using the teach-back method.

Current cytochrome P450 phenotyping methods applied to metabolic drug-drug interaction prediction in dogs.

Recombinant cytochrome P450 (P450) phenotyping, different approaches for estimating fraction metabolized (f(m)), and multiple measures of in vivo inhibitor exposure were tested for their ability to predict drug interaction magnitude in dogs. In previous reports, midazolam-ketoconazole interaction studies in dogs have been attributed to inhibition of CYP3A pathways. However, in vitro phenotyping studies demonstrated higher apparent intrinsic clearances (CL(int,app)) of midazolam with canine CYP2B11 and CYP2C21.

Feasibility of implementing a reduced fasting protocol for critically ill trauma patients undergoing operative and nonoperative procedures.

Background: This prospective, observational cohort study was designed to determine the feasibility of implementing a reduced enteral fasting protocol in mechanically ventilated trauma patients undergoing selected operative and nonoperative procedures.

Methods: Critically ill, mechanically ventilated trauma patients undergoing selected operative and nonoperative procedures received enteral nutrition up until the time of the procedure, if receiving small bowel feeds, or received enteral nutrition that was discontinued 45 minutes before the procedure, if receiving gastric feeds.

Results: Measures of delivery of nutrition such as total enteral nutrition delivered and days required to reach nutrition goal were collected.

The quality of life of hospice patients: patient and provider perceptions.

The purposes of this study were to describe the quality of life (QOL) of terminally ill patients in a home-based hospice program and to examine the relationship between QOL data and patients' symptom distress, ability to function, interpersonal communication (support from family and friends), well-being (their affairs in order), and transcendence (religious comfort/support) as recorded in their charts. QOL was measured by the Missoula-Vitas Quality of Life Index (MVQOLI), an instrument designed specifically for use with terminally ill patients. The study was conducted over a three-year period with 129 terminally ill patients enrolled in a home-based hospice program of care.

Patient and caregiver satisfaction with end-of-life care: does high satisfaction mean high quality of care?

The purpose of this study was to determine patient and caregiver satisfaction with a hospice program of care. The setting for the study was a home-care hospice in the southeastern United States that provides a full range of services for patients with life-limiting illness and supportive services for family caregivers. Two Likert-type instruments were used to determine satisfaction with staff, communication, education, information provided, symptom management, promptness with service, and overall satisfaction.