The newborn behavioural observations system: A relationship-building intervention to support families in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Aim: Relationship-based interventions for neonatal intensive care unit families have potential to improve parent and infant outcomes; yet, their implementation has been modest within systems of care for high-risk newborns. The purpose of this paper is to describe a relationship-building intervention, the newborn behavioural observation system, summarise the evidence supporting its use, and address its clinical application for high-risk parent-infant dyads in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Methods: We summarise the extant literature describing the use of the newborn behavioural observation system in high-risk populations.

An analysis of interagency collaboration: Lessons learned from Colorado's early intervention program.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to describe interagency collaboration in Part C Early Intervention (EI) programs.

Methods: Between 18 April and 9 May 2022, 48 EI service coordinators (SCs) from 14 programs in one state completed adapted versions of the Interagency Collaboration Activities Scale (IACAS) and Relational Coordination Survey (RCS). Assessing perceptions of shared structures (IACAS) and coordination quality (RCS), these combined measures summarized interagency collaboration with 11 organizations.

Cross-sector Collaboration Between Public Health, Healthcare and Social Services Improves Retention: Findings from a Nurse Home Visiting Program.

The study aimed to examine the association between cross-sector collaboration in Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP), a model home visiting program, and participant retention. We used the 2018 NFP Collaboration Survey that measured agency-level collaboration, operationalized as relational coordination and structural integration, among nine community provider types (including obstetrics care, substance use treatment, child welfare). This dataset was linked to 2014-2018 NFP program implementation data (n = 36,900).

Medicaid Payment For Postpartum Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Prompts More Equitable Use.

To increase access to highly effective contraception and improve reproductive autonomy, a growing number of state Medicaid programs pay for the provision of immediate postpartum long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) in addition to providing a global payment for maternity care. Using Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System data, we examined postpartum LARC use both overall and by race and ethnicity among respondents with Medicaid-paid births during the period 2012-18 in eight states that implemented immediate postpartum LARC payment and eight states without it. Using a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences design, we found that the policy resulted in an overall 2.

Implementing an Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome and Decision Support Tool in Early Intervention.

Objective: The aim of the study is to identify and prioritize early intervention (EI) stakeholders' perspectives of supports and barriers to implementing the Young Children's Participation and Environment Measure (YC-PEM), an electronic patient-reported outcome (e-PRO) tool, for scaling its implementation across multiple local and state EI programs.

Methods: An explanatory sequential (quan > QUAL) mixed-methods study was conducted with EI families ( = 6), service coordinators ( = 9), and program leadership ( = 7). Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were used to share select quantitative pragmatic trial results (e.

Inpatient Physical Therapy After Orthopedic Lower Extremity Surgery in Children With Cerebral Palsy.

Purpose: To characterize and examine the variability in receipt of inpatient (IP) physical therapy after lower extremity (LE) orthopedic surgery for individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) across hospital-level (region, bed size) and individual characteristics (gender, age, race/ethnicity, insurance type, technology dependency, and surgical burden).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed physical therapy billing data of children with CP who had LE orthopedic surgery from October 1, 2015, through September 30, 2017, from the Pediatric Health Information Services (PHIS) database.

Results: Seventy-five percent of individuals received IP physical therapy during the hospital stay.

Effectiveness and scalability of an electronic patient-reported outcome measure and decision support tool for family-centred and participation-focused early intervention: PROSPECT hybrid type 1 trial protocol.

Introduction: Early intervention (EI) endorses family-centred and participation-focused services, but there remain insufficient options for systematically enacting this service approach. The Young Children's Participation and Environment Measure electronic patient-reported outcome (YC-PEM e-PRO) is an evidence-based measure for caregivers that enables family-centred services in EI. The Parent-Reported Outcomes for Strengthening Partnership within the Early Intervention Care Team (PROSPECT) is a community-based pragmatic trial examining the effectiveness of implementing the YC-PEM e-PRO measure and decision support tool as an option for use within routine EI care, on service quality and child outcomes (aim 1).

Impact of State Prioritization of Safe Infant Sleep Programs on Supine Sleep Positioning for Non-Hispanic White and Non-Hispanic Black Infants.

Objective: Investigate whether safe infant sleep prioritization by states through the Title V Maternal and Child Block Grant in 2010 differentially impacted maternal report of supine sleep positioning (SSP) for Non-Hispanic White (NHW) and Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) U.S.-born infants.

A qualitative study of effective collaboration among nurse home visitors, healthcare providers and community support services in the United States.

Collaboration across sectors is needed to improve community health, but little is known about collaborative activities among public health prevention programs. Using the Nurse-Family Partnership® (NFP) home visiting program as context, this qualitative study aimed to describe effective collaboration among nurse home visitors, healthcare providers and community support services to serve families experiencing social and economic adversities. We used grounded theory to characterise collaboration with six purposively sampled NFP sites in the United States through in-depth interviews.

National survey of nurse home visitor collaboration with health care and social services.

Objective: To assess the degree to which nurses in a national public health home visiting program collaborate with interprofessional providers to serve families experiencing adversity.

Design: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey measured collaborative practices between nurse home visitors, health care, and social service providers. A census of 263 nursing supervisors completed a web-based survey.

Persistent Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Supine Sleep Positioning among US Preterm Infants, 2000-2015.

Objective: To assess trends in racial disparity in supine sleep positioning (SSP) across racial/ethnic groups of infants born early preterm (Early preterm; <34 weeks) and late preterm (Late preterm; 34-36 weeks) from 2000 to 2015.

Study Design: We analyzed Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System data (a population-based perinatal surveillance system) from 16 US states from 2000 to 2015 (Weighted N = 1 020 986). Marginal prevalence of SSP by year was estimated for infants who were early preterm and late preterm, adjusting for maternal and infant characteristics.

A patient and public involvement workshop using visual art and priority setting to provide patients with a voice to describe quality and safety concerns: Vitamin B12 deficiency and pernicious anaemia.

Background: Patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) is recognized as important for improved quality in health service provision and research. Vitamin B12 deficiency is one area where PPIE has potential to benefit patients, as patients often report sub-optimal care due to diagnostic delay, insufficient treatment and poor relationships with health professionals.

Objective: In an effort to engage an understudied patient population in health-care quality and safety discussions, and provide patients with an opportunity to have a voice, contribute to research priorities and express their current quality and safety concerns, we hosted a PPIE workshop.

A Pilot Validation Study of the Newborn Behavioral Observations System: Associations with Salivary Cortisol and Temperament.

Objective: There are few standardized neonatal neurobehavioral instruments available for longitudinal child development research. We adapted an established clinical tool, the Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) system, for research by standardizing the administration protocol and expanding the 3-point coding scale to 5 points.

Methods: We administered the 5-point NBO to 144 racially/ethnically diverse late preterm or term infants born to low-income women (average age 5 weeks).

The effects of the Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) system in early intervention: A multisite randomized controlled trial.

The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the effect of an infant mental health intervention, the Newborn Behavioral Observations system (NBO), versus usual care (UC) on infant neurodevelopment and maternal depressive symptoms in early intervention (EI). This multisite randomized trial enrolled newborns into the NBO (n = 16) or UC group (n = 22) and followed them for 6 months. Outcome measures included the Battelle Developmental Inventory (BDI-2), Bayley Scales of Infants Development (BSID-III), and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D).

Patient Sharing and Health Care Utilization Among Young Adults With Congenital Heart Disease.

Transitions from pediatric to adult care by young adults with chronic conditions are fraught with challenges. Poor transitions lead to discontinuities of care that are avoidable with better communication between providers. We tested whether exposure to providers with sustained patient-sharing relationships resulted in fewer emergent admissions of young adults with congenital heart disease (CHD).

Child characteristics and early intervention referral and receipt of services: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Early Intervention (EI) is a federally mandated, state-administered system of care for children with developmental delays and disabilities under the age of three. Gaps exist in the process of accessing EI through pediatric primary care, and low rates of EI access are well documented and disproportionately affect poor and minority children. The aims of this paper are to examine child characteristics associated with gaps in EI (1) referral, (2) access and (3) service use.

Family-centred care in early intervention: Examining caregiver perceptions of family-centred care and early intervention service use intensity.

Background: Family-centred care (FCC) is an approach to paediatric rehabilitation service delivery endorsing shared decision making and effective communication with families. There is great need to understand how early intervention (EI) programmes implement these processes, how EI caregivers perceive them, and how they relate to EI service use. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine (a) parent and provider perceptions about EI FCC processes and (b) the association between FCC perceptions and EI service intensity.

Early Intervention Service Intensity and Change in Children's Functional Capabilities.

Objective: To estimate correlates of early intervention (EI) service dosage and gains in children's functional capabilities from EI entry and discharge.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Secondary analyses of a subset of data (N=1005) collected from an EI administrative database on children discharged from a large, urban EI program between October 1, 2014 and September 30, 2016.

Neonatal surgery in low- vs. high-volume institutions: a KID inpatient database outcomes and cost study after repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia, esophageal atresia, and gastroschisis.

Background/purpose: The volume-outcome relationship and optimal surgical volumes for repair of congenital anomalies in neonates is unknown.

Methods: A retrospective study of infants who underwent diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), gastroschisis (GS), and esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) repair at US hospitals using the Kids' Inpatient Database 2009-2012. Distribution of institutional volumes was calculated.

Social and Functional Characteristics of Receipt and Service Use Intensity of Core Early Intervention Services.

Objective: Describe children's diagnostic, social, and functional characteristics associated with the use of core early intervention (EI) services.

Methods: The sample included infants and toddlers (N = 2045) discharged from an urban EI program (2014-2016). Adjusted logit models estimated the marginal effects and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of receipt of any of the 4 core EI services, controlling for the child's developmental condition type, race and ethnicity, primary language, sex, insurance type, age at referral, and functional performance at EI entry.

Timing and Intensity of Early Intervention Service Use and Outcomes Among a Safety-Net Population of Children.

Importance: Federal per-child early intervention (EI) appropriations have declined, while accountability for improving children's development and function has increased. It is critical to understand high-value EI services and systems.

Objective: To examine EI service timeliness and intensity, and the association between service intensity and outcomes.

Community engagement to pilot electronic patient-reported outcomes (e-PROs) in early intervention: Lessons learned.

Background: Electronic data capture is essential to advancing family-centered coordinated care in early intervention (EI). The purpose of this paper is to report on EI service coordinator response to piloting an electronic parent-reported outcome (e-PRO) assessment as part of their routine workflow, including lessons learned that may inform future phases of e-PRO implementation.

Methods: This second pilot study involved families enrolled in a large EI program (n=1040 families) in concert with their implementation of a statewide quality improvement initiative for care plan development and outcomes reporting.

Patient-Centered Medical Home and Receipt of Part C Early Intervention Among Young CSHCN and Developmental Disabilities Versus Delays: NS-CSHCN 2009-2010.

Objective To determine, among a sample of young CSHCN with developmental conditions, (1) characteristics associated with receipt of both patient-centered medical home (PCMH) and Part C early intervention, (2) the association between each PCMH criterion and receipt of Part C generally, and (3) for CSHCN with disabilities versus delays. Methods Secondary data analysis of the 2009/10 National Survey of CSHCN. Sample included CSHCN (n = 755) birth to 3 years with a developmental disability or delay that affected their function.

Technology-based functional assessment in early childhood intervention: a pilot study.

Background: Electronic patient-reported outcomes (e-PROs) may provide valid and feasible options for obtaining family input on their child's functioning for care planning and outcome monitoring, but they have not been adopted into early intervention (EI). The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility of implementing technology-based functional assessment into EI practice and to examine child, family, service, and environmental correlates of caregiver-reported child functioning in the home.

Methods: In a cross-sectional design, eight individual EI providers participated in a 90-min technology-based functional assessment training to recruit participants and a 60-min semi-structured focus group post data collection.