Understanding Is a Process.

How do we gauge understanding? Tests of understanding, such as Turing's imitation game, are numerous; yet, attempts to achieve a state of understanding are not satisfactory assessments. Intelligent agents designed to pass one test of understanding often fall short of others. Rather than approaching understanding as a system state, in this paper, we argue that understanding is a process that changes over time and experience.

Caring by Numbers: Evaluation of Inconsistencies and Incompleteness in the Reporting of Racial and Ethnic Data.

Significant health disparities throughout the lifespan have long been evident within the American, non-White population. These differences include increased incidence of infant mortality, childhood hospitalization, diabetes, mental and behavioral health problems, cardiovascular disease, and late-stage cancer diagnoses. These types of disparities could be addressed by identifying those individuals at greatest risk for chronic disease or higher mortality rates and improving their health literacy and access to care.

Fatigue on the flight deck: the consequences of sleep loss and the benefits of napping.

The detrimental effects of fatigue in aviation are well established, as evidenced by both the number of fatigue-related mishaps and numerous studies which have found that most pilots experience a deterioration in cognitive performance as well as increased stress during the course of a flight. Further, due to the nature of the average pilot's work schedule, with frequent changes in duty schedule, early morning starts, and extended duty periods, fatigue may be impossible to avoid. Thus, it is critical that fatigue countermeasures be available which can help to combat the often overwhelming effects of sleep loss or sleep disruption.