Automated echocardiographic left ventricular dimension assessment in dogs using artificial intelligence: Development and validation.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) could improve accuracy and reproducibility of echocardiographic measurements in dogs.

Hypothesis: A neural network can be trained to measure echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) linear dimensions in dogs.

Animals: Training dataset: 1398 frames from 461 canine echocardiograms from a single specialist center.

Host specificity of a parasitic fluke: is Posthodiplostomum minimum a centrarchid-infecting generalist or specialist?

Parasite host specificity has important implications for species diversity estimates, food web dynamics, and host shifts. "White grub" is the metacercaria stage of a fluke ( Posthodiplostomum minimum ) that occurs in many fish species, but no attempt has been made to quantify variation in host use by this worm. Here we used 2 approaches to evaluate host specificity within the strain that infects centrarchids ( P.