On the role of P2X(7) receptors in dopamine nerve cell degeneration in a rat model of Parkinson's disease: studies with the P2X(7) receptor antagonist A-438079.

The role of the ATP-gated receptor, P2X(7), has been evaluated in the unilateral 6-OHDA rat model of Parkinson's disease using the P2X(7) competitive antagonist A-438079. Nigral P2X(7) immunoreactivity was mainly located in microglia but also in astroglia. A-438079 partially but significantly prevented the 6-OHDA-induced depletion of striatal DA stores.

From the Golgi-Cajal mapping to the transmitter-based characterization of the neuronal networks leading to two modes of brain communication: wiring and volume transmission.

After Golgi-Cajal mapped neural circuits, the discovery and mapping of the central monoamine neurons opened up for a new understanding of interneuronal communication by indicating that another form of communication exists. For instance, it was found that dopamine may be released as a prolactin inhibitory factor from the median eminence, indicating an alternative mode of dopamine communication in the brain. Subsequently, the analysis of the locus coeruleus noradrenaline neurons demonstrated a novel type of lower brainstem neuron that monosynaptically and globally innervated the entire CNS.

CRF-receptor 1 blockade attenuates acute posttraumatic hyperglycemia in rats.

Background: Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance after surgical stress are mediated by a complex neuroendocrine response. The present studies were undertaken to determine whether a corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)-receptor 1 (R1) antagonist, CP-154,526 (CP) could alter trauma-induced effects on blood glucose levels, insulin action on skeletal muscle, and dexamethasone-induced suppression of endogenous glucocorticoid secretion.

Materials And Methods: We used a standardized experimental model of small intestinal resection in the rat.