Using Chart-Stimulated Recall to Identify Barriers and Facilitators to Routine HIV Testing Among Pediatric Primary Care Providers.

Purpose: Adolescents account for one in five new HIV infections in the U.S. Yet, only 25% of sexually active adolescents report HIV testing, and testing rates have not improved over time.

Disparities in Care: Do Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Experience Differential Medication Receipt In The Emergency Department?

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to describe analgesia administration between neurotypical (NT) individuals and those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosed with appendicitis or long bone fractures in the emergency department (ED). A secondary objective was to compare the rates of complicated appendicitis as a proxy for delayed diagnosis between the groups.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study using the Pediatric Health Information System database.

Missed Nursing Care in Pediatrics.

Objectives: A growing literature suggests that missed nursing care is common in hospitals and may contribute to poor patient outcomes. There has been scant empirical evidence in pediatric populations. Our objectives were to describe the frequency and patterns of missed nursing care in inpatient pediatric settings and to determine whether missed nursing care is associated with unfavorable work environments and high nurse workloads.

Immunotherapy: Exploring the State of the Science .

Immunotherapy research provides opportunities for nurse scientists and researchers to be at the forefront of the changing landscape of cancer treatment. As these therapies continue to develop, current initiatives will seek to support nurses in clinical practice who must provide safe, evidence-based care and education to patients and their families. This article explores the current state of immunotherapy research and the ways in which continued research can help to advance nursing education and practice.

CAR T-Cell Therapy: Pediatric Patients With Relapsed and Refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia .

Background: Immunotherapy provides a promising treatment option for children and adolescents with refractory or relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). 
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Objectives: This article presents a hospital's experience with providing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, followed by a detailed discussion of the trajectory of treatment provided for pediatric patients and their families.

Pain management of children aged 5 to 10 years after adenotonsillectomy.

Purpose: The undertreatment of pediatric pain has been widely researched and continues to be a concern for health care professionals. Adenotonsillectomy is a common pediatric surgery associated with a moderate-to-high level of postoperative pain. The purpose of this study was to increase understanding of the current pain management practices provided to children aged 5 to 10 years undergoing adenotonsillectomy and identify areas for improvement.

Pain characteristics and age-related pain trajectories in infants and young children with sickle cell disease.

Background: The epidemiology of painful episodes in infants and younger children with SCD has not been well studied, particularly for pain managed at home.

Procedure: SCD infants identified by newborn screening were enrolled in a longitudinal observational study of pain symptoms requiring parents to report the presence or absence of pain daily. When sickle cell related-pain events occurred, pain occurrence, location, associated symptoms and the treatment provided also were reported.

Caring for the child with an autism spectrum disorder in the acute care setting.

Purpose: This article explores the challenges that patients with autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs) face when hospitalized and provides assessment strategies and plan-of-care suggestions for nursing caregivers.

Conclusions: With a high prevalence rate of medical comorbidities among this population, such as gastrointestinal complaints and seizures, nurses are likely to care for hospitalized patients with an ASD.

Practice Implications: For a child with an ASD, hospitalization can be an overwhelming sensory and cognitive experience.

The working alliance in pediatric chronic disease management: a pilot study of instrument reliability and feasibility.

Findings are presented from a pilot study to determine the reliability, relevance, and feasibility of child and adult versions of the Working Alliance Inventory, adapted from psychotherapy research for use in the management of chronic childhood hematologic disorders. Thirty-four children, 13 adolescents, 43 parent/guardians, and 4 health-care providers participated. The adapted scales, called the Working Alliance Inventories for Chronic Care, had strong internal consistencies for all versions; retest reliabilities were generally acceptable.

Caregiver report of pain in infants and toddlers with sickle cell disease: reliability and validity of a daily diary.

Pain is a hallmark sign of sickle cell disease (SCD) with more than 80% of vaso-occlusive episodes managed at home. This study explored the pyschometric properties of a daily pain and symptom diary and compliance of caregiver report in young children with SCD during a 1- to 2-year period. Compliance for completing diary entries for the first year with 16 caregivers was 90.

Characteristics of pain managed at home in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease by using diary self-reports.

Pain can begin in the first year of life for individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) and continue in an unpredictably recurrent manner throughout their life span. Sickle vaso-occlusive pain (sickle pain) can also occur simultaneously with pain of other origins, complicating both assessment and management. Aims of this research were to describe the reliability and validity of a daily diary for data collection with children and adolescents with SCD and to describe characteristics of vaso-occlusive sickle pain episodes (VOE) and other pain reported by children and adolescents with SCD along with home pain management strategies.