National Trends in Voiding Cystourethrograms During Hospitalization for Young Infants With Urinary Tract Infections.

Objectives: The American Academy of Pediatrics published a guideline in 2011 recommending against the routine use of voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) in infants aged 2 to 24 months with first febrile urinary tract infection (UTI); however, the rates of VCUG for infants aged <2 months are unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the trend in VCUG performance during index hospitalization among infants aged 0 to 2 months with UTI.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included infants aged birth to 2 months hospitalized with a UTI from 2008 to 2019 across 38 institutions in the Pediatric Health Information System.

Utility of Inflammatory Markers in Hospitalized Children With Skin Erythema.

Background: There is overlap in the clinical presentations of superficial skin infections (eg, cellulitis) and deeper infections (eg, osteomyelitis). Inflammatory markers are frequently obtained in hospitalized patients with cellulitis. However, it is unknown whether inflammatory markers discriminate between superficial and deeper infections.

Encouraging Entrustment: A Qualitative Study of Resident Behaviors That Promote Entrustment.

Purpose: To explore resident and attending physician perceptions of resident behaviors and skills that demonstrate trustworthiness and promote entrustment by supervisors.

Method: Using grounded theory methodology, the authors conducted 3 focus groups with pediatric residents from the Boston Combined Residency Program and 3 focus groups with attending physicians who were either general pediatric hospitalists or other pediatric subspecialists at Boston Children's Hospital and Boston Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts, from May to December 2018. Data were collected and analyzed iteratively until theoretical saturation was achieved.

Global Gaps in Training Opportunities for Pediatricians and Pediatric Subspecialists.

Objective: A comprehensive, well-trained pediatric workforce is needed to ensure high-quality child health interventions around the globe. Further understanding of pediatric workforce training capacity would assist planning at the global and country level. The purpose of this study was to better understand the availability and process of training programs for pediatricians and pediatric subspecialists worldwide, as well as in-country presence of subspecialists.

Where are the paediatricians? An international survey to understand the global paediatric workforce.

Objective: Our primary objective was to examine the global paediatric workforce and to better understand geographic differences in the number of paediatricians globally. Secondary objectives were to describe paediatric workforce expectations, who provides children with preventative care and when children transition out of paediatric care.

Design: Survey of identified paediatric leaders in each country.