A pilot, randomized, placebo-controlled study of mindfulness meditation in treating insomnia in multiple sclerosis.

Objective: Mindfulness is an established approach to reduce distress and stress reactivity by improving awareness and tolerability of thoughts and emotions. This study compares mindfulness training to sleep hygiene in persons with multiple sclerosis (PWMS) who report chronic insomnia, examining sleep efficiency (SE), self-reported sleep quality and quality of life.

Methods: Fifty-three PWMS were randomized (1:1) in a single-blinded, parallel group design to ten, two-hour weekly sessions of Mindfulness Based Stress Intervention for Insomnia (MBSI-I) over a span of ten weeks or a single, one hour sleep hygiene (SH) session over one day.

Egg Consumption in the Context of Plant-Based Diets and Diet Quality in Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Single Blind Cross-over Controlled Trial.

Lifestyle changes that emphasis on plant-based diets (PBD) are typically recommended for those at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to mitigate their cardo-metabolic risk. We examined the impact of the inclusion of eggs compared with their exclusion from PBD on diet quality among adults at risk for T2DM. This was a randomized, controlled, single-blind, crossover trial of 35 adults (mean age 60.

Prevention Research Centers and COVID-19: Models of a Community-Engaged Response to a Public Health Emergency.

For more than 30 years, the network of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-funded Prevention Research Centers (PRCs) has worked with local communities and partners to implement and evaluate public health interventions and policies for the prevention of disease and promotion of health. The COVID-19 pandemic tested the PRC network's ability to rapidly respond to multiple, simultaneous public health crises. On April 28, 2020, to assess the network's engagement with activities undertaken in response to the early phase of the pandemic, PRC network leadership distributed an online survey to the directors of 34 currently or formerly funded PRCs, asking them to report their PRCs' engagement with predetermined activities across 9 topical areas and provide case studies exemplifying that engagement.

Egg Consumption in the Context of Plant-Based Diets and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adults at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: Plant-based diets (PBDs) are typically recommended to those at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Objectives: We examined how including eggs, compared with excluding them from PBDs, affected cardiometabolic risk factors in adults at risk of T2DM.

Methods: This was a randomized, controlled, single-blind, crossover trial of 35 adults (mean age: 60.

Impact of an educational intervention on internal medicine residents' physical activity counselling: the Pressure System Model.

Rationale, Aims And Objectives: Systematic reviews point to inconclusive evidence that counselling patients in a primary care setting is effective in increasing adults' physical activity (PA) levels. This study evaluates the impact of an innovative physician counselling programme on physicians' PA counselling behaviour and their patients' PA levels.

Methods: A controlled educational study conducted at six Yale School of Medicine hospitals.

Impediment profiling for smoking cessation: application in the worksite.

Purpose: To replicate results of a pilot smoking cessation study and demonstrate applicability to a worksite setting.

Methods: Smokers employed by a community hospital participated in an onsite smoking cessation program. Participants used an "impediment profiling" instrument to rate personal barriers to cessation and were assigned to between one and seven interventions.

Repeated serum lipid measurements during the peri-hospitalization period.

The early treatment of hyperlipidemia in hospitalized patients confers potential benefit, yet total cholesterol is known to vary with acute illness, often delaying treatment decisions. A prospective study was conducted of 61 patients (mean age 57 years; 49% women) admitted to an acute care community hospital with various diagnoses with random nonfasting lipid profile measurements at admission, followed by second fasting lipid profile measurements on day 3 of hospitalization or upon discharge (whichever occurred first), and final fasting lipid profile measurements 4 weeks after discharge. All individual values of the lipid profile decreases at discharge, whereas the ratios of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to HDL did not change significantly.

Egg consumption and endothelial function: a randomized controlled crossover trial.

Background: Because of egg cholesterol content, reduction in egg consumption is generally recommended to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease. Recently, however, evidence has been accumulating to suggest that dietary cholesterol is less relevant to cardiovascular risk than dietary saturated fat. This randomized controlled crossover trial was conducted to determine the effects of egg ingestion on endothelial function, a reliable index of cardiovascular risk.

Oats, antioxidants and endothelial function in overweight, dyslipidemic adults.

Objective: To determine effects of oat and antioxidant vitamin (C 500 mg, E 400 IU) ingestion on endothelial function in overweight, dyslipidemic adults.

Design: Randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial Intervention(s): Subjects (16 males > or = age 35; 14 postmenopausal females) were assigned, in random order, to oats (60 g oatmeal), vitamin E (400 IU) plus vitamin C (500 mg), the combination of oats and vitamins, or placebo, and underwent brachial artery reactivity scans (BARS) following a single dose of each treatment, and again following 6 weeks of daily ingestion, with 2-week washout periods. At each test, a provocation high-fat meal (50 g, predominantly saturated) was administered and subjects were scanned pre, and 3 hours post-ingestion.

The evidence base for complementary and alternative medicine: methods of Evidence Mapping with application to CAM.

Background: There is widespread concern regarding the adequacy of evidence for specific practices under the rubric of "complementary and alternative medicine" (CAM).

Objective: To map the evidence pertaining to many commonly used CAM practices.

Design: In 2000, the Yale Prevention Research Center was funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to conduct a "systematic review" of the evidence underlying CAM.