Production of secondary metabolites using tissue culture-based biotechnological applications.

Plants are the sources of many bioactive secondary metabolites which are present in plant organs including leaves, stems, roots, and flowers. Although they provide advantages to the plants in many cases, they are not necessary for metabolisms related to growth, development, and reproduction. They are specific to plant species and are precursor substances, which can be modified for generations of various compounds in different plant species.

Tuning Compressive Young's Moduli and Antibacterial Activities of Alginate/Poly(-isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogels with Laponite Layers and Cerium Ions.

Hybrid hydrogels containing alginate (Alg) and poly(-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) chains as natural and synthetic components, respectively, were crosslinked using double and triple pairs of the crosslinkers Ce/Ce, laponite (LP) RD, and ,'-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS). (Alg/PNIPAAm)-Ce and (Alg/PNIPAAm-PNIPAAm)-Ce double- and triple-network structures were prepared using multivalent cerium ions (Ce), multifunctional laponite layers (L), and/or neutral tetrafunctonal BIS molecules (B). Compressive Young's moduli, E, were tuned by the type/concentration of crosslinkers and crosslinking procedures and the concentration of Alg chains.

Improved mechanical properties of antimicrobial poly(-[3-(dimethylaminopropyl)] methacrylamide) hydrogels prepared by free radical polymerization in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a lyotropic liquid crystal template.

The poor mechanical strength of the poly(-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl] methacrylamide) (PDMAPMAAm) hydrogel limits its application as a drug delivery system and antimicrobial agent. In this study, both its morphology and antibacterial effectiveness were controlled through free radical solution polymerization in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB; cationic nonreactive surfactant), forming lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) mesophases. All the templated reactions proceeded in four different CTAB concentrations with three different concentrations of DMAPMAAm (2.

, a hyperaccumulator shows elevated levels of Cd accumulation and genomic template stability in binary application of Cd and Ni: a physiological and genetic approach.

In this study, to determine whether having potential to be used as hyperaccumulator for Cd and Ni, numerous experiments were designed for conducting assessments for physiological and genotoxic changes along with defining possible alterations on mineral nutrient status of L. by applying Cd-Ni binary treatments (0, 100, 200 and 400 µM). Our study revealed that there were increases in the concentrations of B, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, and Mn whereas decreases were noticed in the concentrations of Na and Zn and the levels of Ca were inversely proportional to Cd-Ni applications showing tendency to increase at the low concentration and to decrease at the high concentration.

Effect of Mg doping on morphology, photocatalytic activity and related biological properties of ZnMgO nanoparticles.

The objective of this study is to synthesize ZnO and Mg doped ZnO (ZnMgO) nanoparticles via the sol-gel method, and characterize their structures and to investigate their biological properties such as antibacterial activity and hemolytic potential.Nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by the sol-gel method using zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn(CHCOO).2HO) and magnesium acetate tetrahydrate (Mg(CHCOO).