Stromal cell and B cell dialogue potentiates IL-33-enriched lymphoid niches to support eosinophil recruitment and function during type 2 immunity.

Eosinophils are involved in host protection against multicellular organisms. However, their recruitment to the mesenteric lymph node (mLN) during type 2 immunity is understudied. Our results demonstrate that eosinophil association with lymphoid stromal niches constructed by fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) and lymphatic endothelial cells is diminished in mice selectively lacking interleukin (IL)-4Rα or lymphotoxin-β (LTβ) expression on B cells.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of recruitment strategies in a large diabetes prevention trial conducted across two sites in Sydney, Australia.

Background: Diabetes prevention trials require large samples and community-based recruitment, which can be protracted and expensive. We analysed the cost-effectiveness of recruitment strategies used in a randomised placebo-controlled supplement trial in adults with prediabetes and overweight or obesity conducted in Sydney, Australia.

Methods: Recruitment strategies included advertising through local radio stations and newspapers, television news coverage, online advertising and editorials, advertising in and referral from primary care settings, university- and hospital-based advertising, and attending or hosting local events.

Changes in Prediabetes Status Among Adults During a 6-Month Randomized Placebo-controlled Supplement Trial With Nutrition and Lifestyle Counselling and 6-Month Follow-up.

Objectives: In this work, we present an exploratory within-trial analysis of the changing prevalence of prediabetes in response to nutrition and lifestyle counselling provided as part of a randomized placebo-controlled supplement trial with follow-up. We aimed to identify factors associated with changing glycemia status.

Methods: Participants (n=401) in this clinical trial were adults with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥25 kg/m and prediabetes (defined by the American Diabetes Association as a fasting plasma glucose [FPG] of 5.

Effectiveness of Project ECHO Programs in Improving Clinician Knowledge and Confidence in Managing Complex Psychiatric Patients: a Waitlist-Controlled Study.

Objective: The authors aimed to determine if Project Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO), a health-education model utilising teleconferencing technology, improves the capacity of clinicians in assessing and managing complex psychiatric patients.

Methods: Three pilot Project ECHO programs were evaluated as a prospective waitlist-controlled trial, focusing on Adult Eating Disorders, Adult Intellectual Disability Mental Health, and General Mental Health. Each program comprised 9-10 weekly teleconferencing group sessions.

The Australian Obesity Management Algorithm: A simple tool to guide the management of obesity in primary care.

Obesity is a complex and multifactorial chronic disease with genetic, environmental, physiological and behavioural determinants that requires long-term care. Obesity is associated with a broad range of complications including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidaemia, metabolic associated fatty liver disease, reproductive hormonal abnormalities, sleep apnoea, depression, osteoarthritis and certain cancers. An algorithm has been developed (with PubMed and Medline searched for all relevant articles from 1 Jan 2000-1 Oct 2021) to (i) assist primary care physicians in treatment decisions for non-pregnant adults with obesity, and (ii) provide a practical clinical tool to guide the implementation of existing guidelines (summarised in Appendix 1) for the treatment of obesity in the Australian primary care setting.

Improved survival outcomes despite older age at diagnosis: an era-by-era analysis of patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma treated at a single referral centre in the United Kingdom.

Observational studies with long-term follow-up of patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) are scarce. Patient data over a period of four decades were retrospectively analysed from databases at Nottingham University Hospitals Trust, UK. The cohort was delineated by two distinct therapeutic eras; the first from 01/01/1982 to 31/12/2010 (n = 147) and the second 01/01/2011 to 31/07/2020 (n = 125).

Correction: Protective porcine influenza virus-specific monoclonal antibodies recognize similar haemagglutinin epitopes as humans.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.

Efficacy of dietary supplements containing isolated organic compounds for weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled trials.

Background/objectives: A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to synthesise evidence on the efficacy of dietary supplements containing isolated organic compounds for weight loss.

Subjects/methods: Four electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cinahl) were searched until December 2019. Sixty-seven randomised placebo-controlled trials of dietary supplements containing isolated organic compounds for weight loss were included.

Long-Term Medical Follow-Up (for More than 15 Years) of a Patient with Stage IA Mycosis Fungoides Originally Presenting in Childhood: Remission for >15 Years with Localised Electron Beam Therapy.

A man now aged 80 years has received specialist care for stage 1A mycosis fungoides for 58 years. The disease developed in childhood. Long-term follow-up (>30 years) of patients with mycosis fungoides is infrequently described in the world literature.

Protective porcine influenza virus-specific monoclonal antibodies recognize similar haemagglutinin epitopes as humans.

Pigs are natural hosts for the same subtypes of influenza A viruses as humans and integrally involved in virus evolution with frequent interspecies transmissions in both directions. The emergence of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus illustrates the importance of pigs in evolution of zoonotic strains. Here we generated pig influenza-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from H1N1pdm09 infected pigs.

How to provide a structured clinical assessment of a patient with overweight or obesity.

With the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity worldwide, there is a reciprocal increase in the global economic burden and ill-health from obesity-related chronic diseases. Primary healthcare services have a role to play in ensuring early detection of weight issues and in directing patients towards evidence-based care to slow this progression. Research shows that many people with obesity are motivated to lose weight and want their clinician to initiate a conversation about weight management and treatment options.

Effects of α-Cyclodextrin on Cholesterol Control and Hydrolyzed Ginseng Extract on Glycemic Control in People With Prediabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Effective strategies for preventing type 2 diabetes are needed. Many people turn to complementary medicines, but there is little well-conducted scientific evidence to support their use.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of α-cyclodextrin for cholesterol control and that of hydrolyzed ginseng for glycemic control in people with prediabetes and overweight or obesity.

Establishment of a Pig Influenza Challenge Model for Evaluation of Monoclonal Antibody Delivery Platforms.

mAbs are a possible adjunct to vaccination and drugs in treatment of influenza virus infection. However, questions remain whether small animal models accurately predict efficacy in humans. We have established the pig, a large natural host animal for influenza, with many physiological similarities to humans, as a robust model for testing mAbs.

Effectiveness of herbal medicines for weight loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Aim: To update the available evidence on the efficacy and safety of complementary medicines to assist in weight loss by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of herbal medicines for weight loss.

Methods: Four electronic databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science) were searched from inception until August 2018. A total of 54 randomized placebo-controlled trials of healthy overweight or obese adults were identified.

Effects of alpha-cyclodextrin on cholesterol control and Compound K on glycaemic control in people with pre-diabetes: Protocol for a Phase III randomized controlled trial.

The prevalence of pre-diabetes and of type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing. Preventing disease progression is important to improve outcomes. Natural products are becoming popular alternatives to pharmaceutical products for preventative health and treatment of disease; however, the evidence to support the use of natural alternatives for pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes is lacking.

Chemoradiotherapy with Brachytherapy or Electron Therapy Boost for Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anus-Reducing the Colostomy Rate.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine overall survival, disease-specific survival and stoma-free survival after treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus with chemoradiotherapy followed by brachytherapy or electron boost in a recent cohort of patients.

Methods: Fifty-two patients (median age 62 years) were treated with radical chemoradiotherapy (mitomycin C, infusional 5-fluorouracil concurrently with conformal radical radiotherapy 45 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks) followed by a radiotherapy boost between 1 December 2000 and 30 April 2011. Follow-up was to 30 November 2014.

Delineating outcomes of patients with diffuse large b cell lymphoma using the national comprehensive cancer network-international prognostic index and positron emission tomography-defined remission status; a population-based analysis.

The recently devised National Comprehensive Cancer Network International Prognostic Index (NCCN-IPI) appears superior to the revised IPI (R-IPI) in delineating outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. We examined the outcome of a population-based cohort of 223 consecutive patients treated with R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone) or R-CHOP-like immuno-chemotherapy between January 2005 and December 2011 by both the NCCN-IPI and R-IPI, and further stratified outcome by the achievement of both computerized tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET)-CT complete remission (CR), with the latter reassessed using blinded central review by an independent nuclear medicine and radiology specialist. The NCCN-IPI was superior to the R-IPI in identifying patients at very high risk of systemic and/or central nervous system relapse.

Does youth adiposity, or change in adiposity from youth to adulthood, predict metabolically healthy obesity in adulthood?

Background: Individuals with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) do not have the metabolic complications usually associated with obesity.

Objective: To examine whether youth adiposity, or change in adiposity from youth to adulthood, predicts MHO 20 years later.

Methods: A national sample of 2410 Australian participants had height, weight and waist circumference (WC) measured in 1985 (7-15 years old) and 2004-2006 (26-36 years old).

Associations of fish oil and vitamin B and E supplementation with cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in people receiving haemodialysis: a review.

Background: Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of mortality in patients with end-stage kidney disease. Research indicates that the Mediterranean diet is protective of cardiovascular disease in the general population. Components of this diet have been trialled in haemodialysis patients with the aim of reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and improving associated risk factors.

Diagnosis and treatment of primary CNS lymphoma in immunocompetent patients: guidelines from the European Association for Neuro-Oncology.

The management of primary CNS lymphoma is one of the most controversial topics in neuro-oncology because of the complexity of the disease and the very few controlled studies available. In 2013, the European Association of Neuro-Oncology created a multidisciplinary task force to establish evidence-based guidelines for immunocompetent adults with primary CNS lymphoma. In this Review, we present these guidelines, which provide consensus considerations and recommendations for diagnosis, assessment, staging, and treatment of primary CNS lymphoma.

Hodgkin disease (1973-2002): long-term survival and cure fractions.

The Nottinghamshire Lymphoma Registry contains the details of all patients diagnosed with lymphoma (since 1 January 1973) within a defined geographical area with a stable population of 1.1 million. The aim of this study was to investigate the relative survival and estimate the cure fraction for patients with Hodgkin disease (HD) using various cure fraction models.

Mandard tumour regression grade, perineural invasion, circumferential resection margin and post-chemoradiation nodal status strongly predict outcome in locally advanced rectal cancer treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy.

Aims: The pathology of tumours after chemo/radiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer can be difficult to interpret. The ypTNM staging does not accurately predict outcomes. Therefore, we developed a new prognostic index for this purpose.

Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma in Nottinghamshire U.K.: prognosis of subtypes defined in the WHO-EORTC classification.

Background: Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (PCBCL), with the exception of large B-cell lymphoma of leg type and intravascular large B-cell lymphoma, are associated with an excellent prognosis. These lymphomas have become much better understood in recent years leading to the publication in 2005 of the World Health Organization-European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer classification.

Objectives: To determine the relative frequency of occurrence of subtypes of PCBCL in a defined population, and the survival of patients with these subtypes.

Long-term survival after treatment for Hodgkin's disease (1973-2002): improved survival with successive 10-year cohorts.

Background: The Nottinghamshire Lymphoma Registry contains the details of all the patients diagnosed with lymphoma (since 1 January 1973) within a defined geographical area with a population of 1.1 million. It was therefore possible to study the outcome of treatment for Hodgkin's disease for three 10-year cohorts (1973-1982, 1983-1992 and 1993-2002).