Current Perspectives in Pre- and Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Diagnosis and Management: An Expert Statement for the Gulf Region.

Peripheral neuropathy (PN) significantly impacts the quality of life, causing substantial morbidity and increased mortality, as well as escalating healthcare costs. While PN can have various causes, the most common form, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, poses considerable risks for potential complications. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) affects over 50% of people with prediabetes and diabetes.

Management of menopause: a survey of physicians from the Middle East and Africa.

Objective: This study evaluated physicians' perceptions, practices, confidence, comfort level and prior training in managing menopause.

Methods: A survey was conducted of a convenience sample of physicians from the Middle East and Africa (MEA) in 2019. We covered knowledge of symptoms, menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), other menopause management strategies and prior training in menopause medicine.

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion is associated with a better glycemic control than multiple daily insulin injections without difference in diabetic ketoacidosis and hypoglycemia admissions among Emiratis with Type 1 diabetes.

Aims: To characterizes Emiratis patients with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and compares outcomes between continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) versus multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) users. The WHO-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) score was used to screen for depression.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study; sociodemographic, clinical characteristics and insulin replacement regimens were collected on patients with T1D between 2015-2018.

Characteristics and Challenges of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency in Africa: A Review of the Literature.

Backgrounds: Africa comprises 54 countries with varying degrees of economic development. As with other healthcare systems, rare diseases such as adrenal insufficiency are neglected and poorly documented.

Objectives: We wished to explore primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) in Africa, its prevalence, aetiology, genetics, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment and to determine the unmet needs in clinical care, education, and research.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of care in patients hospitalized with diabetic ketoacidosis.

Aims: To assess the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized with DKA.

Methods: We examined the hospital database for patients admitted with DKA to all government hospitals in Qatar over 6 years.

Results: We evaluated a total of 1330 patients [(37.

Relationship between lipid profile, inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction biomarkers, and type 1 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study.

Objective: Inflammation is a major factor in endothelial dysfunction (ED) which is the earliest predictor of cardiovascular disease and premature mortality in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. This study aimed to describe the possible relationship between plasma lipids and inflammatory and ED biomarkers in young Emirati patients with and without T1DM.

Methods: This case-control study included 158 patients with T1DM and 157 healthy controls from the local population of the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Proportion and predictors of Hypogonadism Recovery in Men with Macroprolactinomas treated with dopamine agonists.

Introduction: Hypogonadism is the most common form of hypopituitarism in men with macroprolactinoma. However, evidence on factors related to hypogonadism recovery is limited.

Objectives: We estimated the proportion of hypogonadism in men with macroprolactinoma exclusively treated with dopamine agonists, and we assessed the factors predicting hypogonadism recovery.

Characteristics and Management of Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma in the United Arab Emirates: Experience from a Large Tertiary Hospital.

Background: Recent guidelines in the management of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) recommend limiting surgery. However, trends in the characteristics and management of PTMC from the Middle East and North Africa region is lacking.

Objectives: To determine the clinical features, management strategy, and outcomes of PTMC in a large tertiary care center in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Management of Diabetes Insipidus following Surgery for Pituitary and Suprasellar Tumours.

Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is a common complication after pituitary surgery. However, it is most frequently transient. It is defined by the excretion of an abnormally large volume of dilute urine with increasing serum osmolality.

Knowledge gaps and perceptions of future research directions on management of diabetes during Ramadan fasting: An online survey of physicians.

Objectives: Current knowledge and research on diabetes and Ramadan form the basis for evidence-based clinical practice. In this context, we aimed to explore physicians' perceptions of current knowledge gaps about research fasting (RF), barriers to, and foreseeable directions for advancement of the field.

Methods: We conducted an online survey of a convenience sample of 260 physicians from 27 countries.

Changing how we risk-categorise in Ramadan: Does the IDF-DAR scoring system achieve the requirements for people with diabetes internationally?

The IDF-DAR guidance was most recently updated this year. The most notable change is the moving to a scoring system from a tabulated risk categorization to determine and classify the risk of harm from fasting derived from an online survey. This change may be appealing and is welcomed.

Management of diabetic ketoacidosis in special populations.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute complication of diabetes mellitus that can be associated with increased morbidity and mortality, particularly if it is diagnosed late and not treated appropriately. The management of DKA includes careful clinical evaluation, correction of metabolic abnormalities with intravenous fluids, insulin and electrolyte replacement with frequent monitoring of the patients' clinical and laboratory findings and also identification and treatment of the precipitating condition. There are special populations where features, management and outcome may differ from the usual patient with diabetes.

Diagnosis and management of X-linked hypophosphatemia in children and adolescent in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries.

Introduction: X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a rare inherited cause of hypophosphatemic rickets and osteomalacia. It is caused by mutations in the phosphate-regulating endopeptidase homolog, X-linked (PHEX). This results in increased plasma fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23), which leads to loss of renal sodium-phosphate co-transporter expression leading to chronic renal phosphate excretion.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Clinical Practice, Medical Education, and Research: An International Survey.

Objectives: Because of the mandatory sanitary measures established during the Covid-19 Pandemic, we have proposed to describe the new clinical, educative, and research practices of an international sample of doctors.

Methods: We have used an online electronic survey of a convenient sample of doctors from 40 countries using a multiple-choice online questionnaire, including three domains.  424 out of 456 respondents provided adequate responses.

Physician' attitudes to growth hormone replacement therapy in adults following pituitary surgery: Results of an online survey.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate physician attitudes and practices in the management of adult growth hormone deficiency (GHD) following pituitary surgery.

Materials And Methods: An online questionnaire survey was sent to a sample group of physicians.

Results: A total of 131 respondents provided usable responses.

Ramadan fasting and diabetes 2019: The year in review.

Introduction: The literature on health aspects of Ramadan fasting is widely spread in many journals making it not readily available to those interested in the subject.

Materials And Methods: A narrative, non-systematic review of the international literature from two major online databases (viz. Scopus, PubMed) in one year (2019).

Tiered healthcare in South Africa exposes deficiencies in management and more patients with infectious etiology of primary adrenal insufficiency.

Objective: We wished to determine the prevalence, etiology, presentation, and available management strategies for primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) in South Africa (SA), hypothesizing a prevalence greater than the described 3.1 per million. There is great inequity in healthcare allocation, as two parallel healthcare systems exist, potentially modifying PAI patients' clinical profiles, private being better resourced than public healthcare.

Clinical Presentation, Treatment, and Outcome of Acromegaly in the United Arab Emirates.

Objectives: We sought to ascertain the clinical characteristics and control rate of acromegaly in the UAE.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective analysis of all patients presenting with acromegaly to six endocrine centers in the UAE between November 2010 and December 2018. Demographic, clinical, biochemical, and radiologic data were collected.

Association of variants in PTPN22, CTLA-4, IL2-RA, and INS genes with type 1 diabetes in Emiratis.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease with a complex interrelation of genetic and environmental factors. Genetic studies have reported HLA and non-HLA loci as significant contributors to T1D. However, the genetic basis of T1D among Emiratis is unexplored.

Evolving physicians' perceptions and practices regarding use of SGLT2 inhibitors for type 2 diabetes during Ramadan fasting.

Objectives: We followed up the evolving perceptions and practices regarding use of SGLT-2 inhibitors in Ramadan.

Methods: We compared results of the three survey in 2015, 2017, 2019.

Results: Senior doctors represented 43.

Management of adrenal insufficiency during Ramadan fasting: a survey of physicians.

Introduction: Appropriate dose adjustments of glucocorticoids replacement therapy for adrenal insufficiency (AI) is vital.

Objective: We sought to scope physicians' perceptions, and practices regarding Ramadan fasting (RF) impact on the management of AI.

Methods: A web-based survey of a convenience sample of endocrinologists.

Contemporary Management of Clinically Non-functioning Pituitary Adenomas: A Clinical Review.

Non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) are benign pituitary tumours that constitute about one-third of all pituitary adenomas. They typically present with symptoms of mass effects resulting in hypopituitarism, visual symptoms, or headache. Most NFPAs are macroadenomas (>1 cm in diameter) at diagnosis that can occasionally grow quite large and invade the cavernous sinus causing acute nerve compression and some patients may develop acute haemorrhage due to pituitary apoplexy.

Significant barriers to diagnosis and management of adrenal insufficiency in Africa.

Background: The burden and management of primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) in Africa have not been well documented. We aimed to identify specific disease characteristics, patient demographics, and patterns of clinical management in established PAI in Africa.

Methods: An online survey of physicians' experience relating to PAI.

Diagnosis and management of vitamin D deficiency in the Gulf Cooperative Council (GCC) countries: an expert consensus summary statement from the GCC vitamin D advisory board.

Objective: A summary of recommendations is given within the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) setting on the assessment and management of vitamin D deficiency in the region.

Methods: An assembly of 11 regional experts gathered to formulate an all-inclusive approach to vitamin D deficiency within GCC.

Results And Conclusion: Several gaps were identified before regional guidelines could be developed.