Copy number losses of oncogenes and gains of tumor suppressor genes generate common driver mutations.

Cancer driver genes can undergo positive selection for various types of genetic alterations, including gain-of-function or loss-of-function mutations and copy number alterations (CNA). We investigated the landscape of different types of alterations affecting driver genes in 17,644 cancer exomes and genomes. We find that oncogenes may simultaneously exhibit signatures of positive selection and also negative selection in different gene segments, suggesting a method to identify additional tumor types where an oncogene is a driver or a vulnerability.

CpG traffic lights are markers of regulatory regions in human genome.

Background: DNA methylation is involved in the regulation of gene expression. Although bisulfite-sequencing based methods profile DNA methylation at a single CpG resolution, methylation levels are usually averaged over genomic regions in the downstream bioinformatic analysis.

Results: We demonstrate that on the genome level a single CpG methylation can serve as a more accurate predictor of gene expression than an average promoter / gene body methylation.

Penetrating cations induce pleiotropic drug resistance in yeast.

Substrates of pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) transporters can induce the expression of corresponding transporter genes by binding to their transcription factors. Penetrating cations are substrates of PDR transporters and theoretically may also activate the expression of transporter genes. However, the accumulation of penetrating cations inside mitochondria may prevent the sensing of these molecules.

High-quality genome assembly of Capsella bursa-pastoris reveals asymmetry of regulatory elements at early stages of polyploid genome evolution.

Polyploidization and subsequent sub- and neofunctionalization of duplicated genes represent a major mechanism of plant genome evolution. Capsella bursa-pastoris, a widespread ruderal plant, is a recent allotetraploid and, thus, is an ideal model organism for studying early changes following polyploidization. We constructed a high-quality assembly of C.

Alkylrhodamines enhance the toxicity of clotrimazole and benzalkonium chloride by interfering with yeast pleiotropic ABC-transporters.

ABC-transporters with broad substrate specificity are responsible for pathogenic yeast resistance to antifungal compounds. Here we asked whether highly hydrophobic chemicals with delocalized positive charge can be used to overcome the resistance. Such molecules efficiently penetrate the plasma membrane and accumulate inside the cells.

Pediatric Health Quality Assessment in Different Regions of Russian Federation.

Background: The quality of pediatric healthcare is a cornerstone for good maternal and infant health.

Aims: To evaluate the quality of healthcare in secondary and tertiary regional pediatric hospitals in the Russian Federation.

Methods: Healthcare quality assessment was performed in 21 pediatric hospitals (tertiary, n=5; secondary, n=16) of four regions.

[Are we controlling the sedation in ICU? A multicenter study results].

The aim of this study is to evaluate the issues of sedation and analgesia in all-purpose ICUs in Russia. To obtain that, a single-day observational survey was performed in 55 ICUs of Ural and Siberia regions. This work enabled to describe the targets, instruments of control and patterns of sedative and analgetics and sedatives prescription, as well as to make conclusions about issues in this area and possibilities of creation and necessity of analgesia and sedation standards.

[The effect of the initial level of immunity on the efficacy of antidiphtheria inoculations in children and adults].

Based on results of examination in the passive hemagglutination test of 1440 subjects at different ages, several distinguishing features were revealed of formation of artificial active antidiphtheria immunity depending on the basic level of immunity. Single revaccination of those subjects presenting with the basic immunity of less than 0.03 IU/ml provides defence against diphtheria in only 33.