Structural analysis of an impurity of the drug landiolol.

In a course of development and preparation of landiolol (1a), a known ultra-short-acting β-blocker, process quality control by HPLC and LC-MS analysis consistently showed an impurity peak ranging from 0.05% to 0.15 % and exhibiting a molecular mass m/z 887.

Synthesis of glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives for the treatment of metabolic diseases.

The effect of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) and GA-derivatives towards 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD) was investigated. Novel compounds with modifications at positions C-3, C-11 and C-29 of the GA skeleton were prepared. Single crystal X-ray diffraction data of selected substances are reported and discussed.

Efficient synthesis of glycyrrhetinic acid glycoside/glucuronide derivatives using silver zeolite as promoter.

3-O-Glycopyranosides of glycyrrhetinic acid have been synthesized in good to high yields and excellent stereoselectivity using glycosyl bromide donors and silver zeolite as promoter. In addition to the preparation of glycosides containing beta-linked glucosyl, 2-deoxy-2-trichloroacetamido-glucosyl, galactosyl, cellobiosyl and lactosyl residues, also the deactivated acetylated methyl glucopyranosyluronate bromide donor could be coupled to triterpene aglycon ester derivatives in good yields. The ester protecting group located at C-30 of the oleanolic acid scaffold exerted an influence on the overall yield, with the methylester-protected glycosyl acceptor giving better yields compared to the allyl, benzyl as well as diphenylmethyl ester aglycon.

Evaluation of acid-base disorders in dairy cows using principal component analysis and empiric equations.

Acid-base disorders were studied in two groups of dairy cows. According to conventional interpretation in the 1st group of dairy cows (n = 10) the results of the acid-base parameters indicated respiratory alkalosis and in the 2nd group (n = 10) metabolic acidosis. The data of the two groups were examined using principal component analysis.

[Functional liver disorder in relation to decreased titratable acidity of milk].

The internal environment of 17 dairy cows was observed by help of 23 variables of metabolic profile in blood and milk at lowered titratable acidity of milk (Tab. I) Average values of the observed variables were compared with reference values in a histogramme (Fig. 1).

[Diagnosis of cholestatic forms of viral hepatitis, its complications and outcomes].

Cholestatic virus hepatitis (CVH) patients were examined for blood levels of free oxyproline, cholesterol and triglycerides to evaluate connective tissue in walls of the ducts and adjacent area. Significantly elevated levels of free oxyproline, cholesterol and triglycerides occurred in CVH. A 3--5--fold increase in oxyproline and cholesterol was typical for protracted and chronic CVH evolving due to sclerosing cholangitis.

[Interrelation between profile test indicators in the decreased milk acidity syndrome in cows].

The internal environment of high-yielding dairy cows was investigated in relation to 36 variables of the blood metabolic profile, blood serum, milk and urine, with the incidence of reduced titration acidity milk syndrome. The levels of variables were confronted with references values. At the same time the statistical significance of differences of arithmetical means from the reference mean was calculated.

[Use of the computer in the study of relations of indicators in the metabolic profiles of dairy cows].

Fifty dairy cows with metabolic alkalosis and forty-eight dairy cows of a control group were subjected to a metabolic profile test with 30 parameters. The results of analyses were confronted with reference values in histograms. We calculated mutual correlation coefficients for all parameters of dairy cows of the two groups.

[Relation between the concentration of sodium and potassium in the erythrocytes of dairy cows and the concentration of these elements in the plasma and urine and the level of blood glucose].

Blood and urine samples of 180 dairy cows from 12 herds were examined. Sodium and potassium concentrations were determined in erythrocytes, whole blood, plasma, urine, and glucose concentration in blood: the interrelations were compared. Sodium and potassium concentrations in erythrocytes were 85.

[The effect of citronellylseneciate on the utilization of feed in sheep].

The influence of citronellylseneciate on the digestibility of nutrients and energy, as well as on the level of some rumen and blood metabolites, was studied in feed rations for rams. Citronellylseneciate was not found to have a significant influence on the digestibility of nutrients and energy and nitrogen balance in feed ration. Neither did citronellylseneciate influence the production of total volatile fatty acids and the molar percent of acetic, propionic and n-butyric acids.

[Biometric data of normotrophic neonates].

Gestation age of a neonate could be estimated approximately by a pathologist according to some macroscopical features. In addition to the weight of large organs the authors studied weight of other organs and some biometrical data in a group of 84 normotrophic neonates. Regressive analysis gave information about the growth trend of organs; compared with tables it enabled to find out the growth retardation of a neonate or his single organ.

[An evaluation of the metabolic profile of dairy cows and determination of frequency of its abnormalities using an electronic computer].

A system was worked out for an electronic computer evaluation of metabolic profile tests. The computer output included percentual diagrams, histograms, and tables of abnormities. The programme for the TESLA 200 computer was prepared in the FORTRAN IV language.

[Evaluation of metabolic profile tests using a computer].

A programme has been developed for the evaluation of metabolism profile tests in dairy cows by means of the TESLA-200 computer in the FORTRAN language. The computer evaluates and plots the metabolism profile from input data punched on tape in the IBM code by the Consul-253 electronic organization automatic device. The metabolism profile is represented as a column graph (histogram), the levels of individual parameters being confronted with the reference levels with a 95% confidence interval and the deviations are expressed in units defined as 1/2 of the confidence interval for each parameter.

[Microelements in the liver and kidney of laying hens kept on large-capacity poultry farms under normal and increased supply to the organism].

The contents of manganese, zinc, copper, and iron in the liver and kidney of laying hens (Shaver), kept on modern large-capacity poultry farms, were determined under the conditions of a normal and increased supply of these microelements to the organism. The content of the mentioned trace elements was determined by means of atomic absorption spectrophotometry, flameless technique, and with the use of graphite cell. In the layers fed a diet with a normal content of trace elements the average concentrations of the microelements in the liver were the following: manganese: 15.

[Activity of lactate dehydrogenase in the milk serum of dairy cows in relation to the possitive response to the mastitis NK-test].

The level of total lactate dehydrogenase activity in dairy cow milk serum was studied in sets of quarter-udder milks showing different degrees of a positive response to Mastitis test-NK. The bacteriological examination for Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, Staphylococcus aureus, and for coliform germs was performed at the same time. Increasing positiveness of the response to Mastitis test-NK was found to be accompanied by an almost proportionate increase of the total lactate dehydrogenase activity level in milk serum.

[Activity of lactate dehydrogenase in the dairy cow milk serum in relation to positive mastitis test NK].

The level of total lactate dehydrogenase activity in dairy cow milk serum was studied in sets of quarter-udder milks showing different degrees of a positive response to Mastitis test-NK. The bacteriological examination for Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, Staphylococcus aureus, and for coliform germs was performed at the same time. Increasing positiveness of the response to Mastitis test-NK was found to be accompanied by almost proportionate increase of the total lactate dehydrogenase activity level in milk serum.