A Dual-Successive-Screen Model at Pollen/Stigma and Pollen Tube/Ovary Explaining Paradoxical Self-Incompatibility Diagnosis in the Olive Tree-An Interpretative Update of the Literature.

The 'pollen test' and 'fruit set test' following controlled crossing combinations of parents are the most commonly used methods for pollination incompatibility studies in . Self-incompatibility (SI), with diagnoses based on the pollen test and pollen germination, indicating self-compatibility, is not always followed by fruit set in this species. To solve this dispute, we have reconciled all observations into a new model.

Reply to Saumitou-Laprade et al. (2017) "Controlling for genetic identity of varieties, pollen contamination and stigma receptivity is essential to characterize the self-incompatibility system of L.". Eva:https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12498.

This study was carried out to examine the validity of previous studies on the intercompatibility of olive and to compare the approach and techniques used for proposing the diallelic self-incompatibility system and the sporophytic self-incompatibility system. Analysis of the literature indicates that the mating system of the olive tree is a controversial issue and requires further studies to clearly and fully comprehend it. All possible approaches should be used to maximize reliability of the final conclusions on the olive mating system.

'Comment on Saumitou et al. (2017): Elucidation of the genetic architecture of self-incompatibility in olive: evolutionary consequences and perspectives for orchard management'.

The new self-incompatibility system (SI) was presented by Saumitou-Laprade, Vernet, Vekemans et al. (2017). based on 89 crosses between varieties in the olive tree.

New hypothesis elucidates self-incompatibility in the olive tree regarding S-alleles dominance relationships as in the sporophytic model.

Most olive varieties are not strictly self-incompatible, nevertheless, they request foreign pollen to enhance fruit yield, and consequently orchards should contain pollinisers to ensure fruit set of the main variety. The best way to choose pollinisers is to experiment numerous crosses in a diallel design. Here, the genetic mode of inheritance of SI in the olive is deciphered and it does not correspond to the GSI type, but to the SSI type.

The origins of the domestication of the olive tree.

The present diversity of the olive (crop) and oleaster (wild) tree was investigated with nuclear and cytoplasm markers. Patterns of diversity of the wild form inferred eleven ancestral populations in the East and the West of the Mediterranean basin. Patterns of diversity for cultivars are less clear, but we showed that cultivars admixed to nine groups that corresponded to oleaster ancestral populations.

An insertion of oleate desaturase homologous sequence silences via siRNA the functional gene leading to high oleic acid content in sunflower seed oil.

Classical sunflower varieties display a high linoleic acid content in their seeds [low oleic (LO) varieties] whereas genotypes carrying the Pervenets mutation display an increased oleic acid content of above 83% [high oleic (HO) varieties]. Despite the advantage in health terms of oleic acid, the nature of the mutation was still unknown. Previous work reported that HO genotypes carried a specific oleate desaturase (OD) allele.

Comparative study of methods for DNA preparation from olive oil samples to identify cultivar SSR alleles in commercial oil samples: possible forensic applications.

Virgin olive oil is made from diverse cultivars either mixed or single. Those ensure different tastes and typicity, and these may be also enhanced by the region of production of cultivars. The different olive oil labels correspond to their chemical composition and acidity.

A first linkage map of olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars using RAPD, AFLP, RFLP and SSR markers.

The first linkage map of the olive (Olea europaea L.) genome has been constructed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) as dominant markers and a few restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) and simple-sequence repeats (SSR) as codominant markers. Ninety-five individuals of a cross progeny derived from two highly heterozygous olive cultivars, Leccino and Dolce Agogia, were used by applying the pseudo test-cross strategy.

Combined mapping of DALP and AFLP markers in cultivated sunflower using F9 recombinant inbred lines.

A genetic map was constructed with specific PCRs, DALPs and AFLPs using F8-generation sunflower recombinant inbred lines. RI lines generated from a F2 population of one cross between the two cultivated inbred lines HA89 (maintainer for Pet1 CMS) and LR4 (restorer for Pet1 CMS) were used. A total of 305 markers were located using seven sPCR, 64 DALP and 301 AFLP loci.

The use of molecular markers for germplasm management in a French olive collection.

With more than 100 accessions, the CBNMP olive collection includes a major part of the French germplasm. We used molecular markers to characterise all accessions and to study genetic relationships between cultivars. Firstly, 497 olive trees were genotyped using 32 RAPD markers.

Occurrence of partial hybrids in wide crosses between sunflower ( Helianthus annuus) and perennial species H. mollisand H. orgyalis.

Hybridisation between the annual diploid sunflower ( Helianthus annuus)and the perennial diploid species Helianthus mollis and Helianthus orgyalis was obtained by means of a normal crossing procedure or embryo rescue. Hybridisation success was low. All plants examined cytologically appeared to be diploid.

Mitochondrial DNA variation and RAPD mark oleasters, olive and feral olive from Western and Eastern Mediterranean.

The study of genetic diversity within the olive-tree (cultivated and wild forms) may be useful to reveal agronomic traits in the wild germplasm and to try to understand the history of the olive-tree domestication. In this way, a study of nuclear and mitochondrial DNAs of cultivated and wild olives from two Corsican and Sardinian Mediterranean islands was performed using RAPD and RFLP markers. Our results show that most of the varieties and most of the oleasters were separated using the UPGMA dendrogram based on the Nei and Li similarity index.

On chloroplast DNA variations in the olive ( Olea europaea L.) complex: comparison of RFLP and PCR polymorphisms.

Previous papers have dealt with olive chloroplastic DNA (cpDNA) variation revealed using several methods (RFLPs, PCR-RFLPs and microsatellites) and have led to different conclusions. This paper aims to reconsider these divergences. A Southern approach was applied to reveal polymorphism.

Olea europaea (Oleaceae) phylogeography based on chloroplast DNA polymorphism.

Chloroplast DNA diversity in the olive ( Olea europaea L.) complex was studied using PCR-RFLP and microsatellite markers. Fifteen chlorotypes were distinguished.

Combination of chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms to study cytoplasm genetic differentiation in the olive complex ( Olea europaea L.).

Four hundred and four individuals belonging to the species Olea europaea were characterised using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) RFLPs. Twelve mitotypes were distinguished. The combination of mtDNA information with cpDNA polymorphism (characterised in a previous study) led us to recognise 20 cytoplasmic lineages of which seven were found in the Mediterranean area (oleasters, cultivars and O.

Partial hybridization in wide crosses between cultivated sunflower and the perennial Helianthus species H. mollis and H. orgyalis.

To obtain introgressed sunflower lines with improved disease resistance, interspecific crosses were performed with foreign perennial species. We report on several unusual features displayed by these hybrid plants. The methods used to produce the kernels affected yield and genotypes of progeny.

An oleate desaturase and a suppressor loci direct high oleic acid content of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) oil in the Pervenets mutant.

All the [HOAC] lines derived from the Pervenets mutant carry a specific RFLP (oleHOS) revealed by an oleate desaturase cDNA used as a probe. The [LO] (linoleic) genotypes do not carry oleHOS, but another allele: oleLOR. We studied [HOAC] heredity in two segregating populations.

Multiple origins for Mediterranean olive (Olea europaea L. ssp. europaea) based upon mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms.

A study of nuclear and cytoplasmic genetic diversity of cultivated olive, oleaster and other taxa belonging to the complex O. europaea was performed. Nuclear DNA polymorphism (RAPDs) in oleaster displays a gradient between the east and west of the Mediterranean Basin.

Specifying the introgressed regions from H. argophyllus in cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to mark Phomopsis resistance genes.

A method based upon targetting of introgressed markers in a Phomopsis-resistant line (R) of cultivated sunflower, issuing from a H. argophyllus cross was used to mark the Phomopsis resistance regions. Our study was based upon 203 F(3) families derived from a cross between an inbred line susceptible to Phomopsis (S1) and the introgressed resistant line (R).

Cloning and analysis of a 6.8-kb rDNA intergenic spacer region of the European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.).

The 6.8-kb rDNA intergenic spacer region of F. excelsior was isolated from a CsCl/actinomycin-D gradient and cloned into pUC18 for further characterization.

Mapping genetic factors controlling pollen viability in an interspecific cross in Helianthus sect. Helianthus.

Segregation of 48 genetic markers, including one CMS restorer gene, one morphological character gene, six isozymes and 40 RAPD loci, was scored in a backcross progeny of an interspecific hybrid H. argophyllusxH. annuus cv RHA274.

Organization of nuclear ribosomal DNA and species-specific polymorphism in closely related Fraxinus excelsior and F. oxyphylla.

The ribosomal DNA repeat units of two closely related species of the genus Fraxinus, F. excelsior and F. oxyphylla, were characterized.

Development of a consensus linkage RFLP map of cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.).

This paper provides the first description of a consensus map of the cultivated sunflower genome (Helianthus annuus L., n=17 chromosomes), based on RFLP. A total of 180 probe-enzyme combinations were mapped on at least one of five segregating progenies (three F2 and two BC1 populations), revealing 237 loci that did not show any distortion of segregation.

Origin, distribution and mapping of RAPD markers from wildPetunia species inPetunia hybrida Hort lines.

We have established the first linkage map forPetunia hybrida based upon both RAPD and phenotypical markers. The progeny studied consisted of 100 BC1 individuals derived from the [(St40xTlvl)xTlvl] back-cross. Each morphological marker has previously been mapped onto one of the seven chromosomes.