Impact of late rainy season indoor residual spraying on holoendemic malaria transmission: a cohort study in northern Zambia.

Background: Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is a malaria control strategy implemented before the rainy season. Nchelenge District, Zambia is a holoendemic setting where IRS has been conducted since 2008 with little impact on malaria incidence or parasite prevalence. Pre-rainy season IRS may not reduce the post-rainy season peak abundance of the major vector, Anopheles funestus.

A systematic review of using population-level human mobility data to understand SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 into a highly susceptible global population was primarily driven by human mobility-induced introduction events. Especially in the early stages, understanding mobility was vital to mitigating the pandemic prior to widespread vaccine availability. We conducted a systematic review of studies published from January 1, 2020, to May 9, 2021, that used population-level human mobility data to understand SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

Exploring Determinants of Effective Implementation of an Innovation Within Health Care: Qualitative Insights from Program Champions on Implementing One-at-a-Time Therapy Within Addictions and Mental Health Services in New Brunswick.

Government of New Brunswick implemented One-at-a-Time (OAAT) therapy, a single-session approach to care, within Addiction and Mental Health (A&MH) services. We conducted interviews to understand determinants of implementation from program champions. Champions of the OAAT therapy implementation (N = 19; Child/Youth n = 8, Adult n = 11) working within A&MH services and school districts were recruited through the provincial implementation team.

Designing a resilience-based intervention program for children with cancer and their families: a study protocol.

Background: Advances in pediatric oncology have significantly increased survival rates, yet have introduced challenges in managing long-term treatment side effects. This study process introduces an interdisciplinary clinical intervention program rooted in the family resilience framework, aimed at improving well-being across the cancer trajectory for children and their families, especially those in Canadian communities far from specialized oncology centers with limited access to resources.

Methods: Employing an intervention mapping approach, this program collaboratively involves patients, families, professionals, and researchers.

Can Multisensory Olfactory Training Improve Olfactory Dysfunction Caused by COVID-19?

Approximately 30-60% of people suffer from olfactory dysfunction (OD) such as hyposmia or anosmia after being diagnosed with COVID-19; 15-20% of these cases last beyond resolution of the acute phase. Previous studies have shown that olfactory training can be beneficial for patients affected by OD caused by viral infections of the upper respiratory tract. The aim of the study is to evaluate whether a multisensory olfactory training involving simultaneously tasting and seeing congruent stimuli is more effective than the classical olfactory training.

Plasmodium falciparum infection in humans and mosquitoes influence natural Anopheline biting behavior and transmission.

The human infectious reservoir of Plasmodium falciparum is governed by transmission efficiency during vector-human contact and mosquito biting preferences. Understanding biting bias in a natural setting can help target interventions to interrupt transmission. In a 15-month cohort in western Kenya, we detected P.

Outcome of STEMI Patients With Reperfusion Delay of 120 Minutes or More Treated With the Pharmacoinvasive Approach vs PPCI: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) and fibrinolysis have proved to be major discoveries regarding treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The threshold at which PPCI becomes less favourable than fibrinolysis remains unclear and controversial. Trials have studied the impact of delayed reperfusion in relation to symptom onset, but to our knowledge, none have focused on the outcome of patients past the expected 120-minute window regarding first medical contact (FMC) in the concomitant era of PPCI and fibrinolysis.

Resting state correlates of picture description informativeness in left vs. right hemisphere chronic stroke.

Introduction: Despite a growing emphasis on discourse processing in clinical neuroscience, relatively little is known about the neurobiology of discourse production impairments. Individuals with a history of left or right hemisphere stroke can exhibit difficulty with communicating meaningful discourse content, which implies both cerebral hemispheres play a role in this skill. However, the extent to which successful production of discourse content relies on network connections within domain-specific vs.

Provider perceptions of the anticipated benefits, barriers, and facilitators associated with implementing a stepped care model for the delivery of addiction and mental health services in New Brunswick: a mixed-methods observational implementation study.

Background: Providers who work within addiction and mental health (A&MH) services in New Brunswick (NB), Canada completed training in Stepped Care 2.0 and One-at-a-Time (OAAT) therapy as part of a provincial practice change initiative to implement a provincial stepped care model. The present study aimed to identify: (1) the perceived acceptability and feasibility of the SC2.

Core lexicon in aphasia: A longitudinal study.

Background: General consensus exists between clinicians as to the incorporation of discourse outcome measures into language assessment for persons with aphasia (PWA). The development of core lexicon measures (CoreLex) has enabled clinicians to reduce time and labor intensive preparatory work for discourse analysis, which has been considered as an alternative measure to quantify word retrieval ability in discourse in a clinical context. Although previous studies have investigated the quality of the measure, CoreLex has rarely been longitudinally explored.

Ultrasound guidance for transfemoral access in coronary procedures: an individual participant-level data metaanalysis from the femoral ultrasound trialist collaboration.

Background: Randomised controlled trials of ultrasound (US)-guided transfemoral access (TFA) for coronary procedures have shown mixed results.

Aims: We aimed to compare US-guided versus non-US-guided TFA from randomised data in an individual participant-level data (IPD) meta-analysis.

Methods: We completed a systematic review and an IPD meta-analysis of all randomised controlled trials comparing US-guided versus non-US-guided TFA for coronary procedures.

Novel bioinformatic methods and machine learning approaches reveal candidate biomarkers of the intensity and timing of past exposure to Plasmodium falciparum.

Accurately quantifying the burden of malaria over time is an important goal of malaria surveillance efforts and can enable effective targeting and evaluation of interventions. Malaria surveillance methods capture active or recent infections which poses several challenges to achieving malaria surveillance goals. In high transmission settings, asymptomatic infections are common and therefore accurate measurement of malaria burden demands active surveillance; in low transmission regions where infections are rare accurate surveillance requires sampling large subsets of the population; and in any context monitoring malaria burden over time necessitates serial sampling.

Evaluating the Need for Intensive Care Admission After Supraglottoplasty for Severe Laryngomalacia.

Objective: Postoperative airway concerns persist despite a low rate of post-supraglottoplasty complications for children with laryngomalacia. The objective of this study is to determine the factors associated with the need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission following supraglottoplasty.

Methods: A 7-year retrospective cohort analysis was conducted between 2014 and 2021.

Hand Sewn Anastomosis Skill Acquisition and In Vivo Transfer Using 3D-Printed Small Bowel Simulator.

Introduction: General surgery residents need to master the hand-sewn bowel anastomosis (HSBA) technique. However, practice opportunities outside of the operating room are rare, and commercial simulators are often costly. The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of a new, affordable silicone small bowel simulator, made with a three-dimensional (3D) printed mold, as a training tool to learn this technique.

A Bayesian hierarchical model for signal extraction from protein microarrays.

Protein microarrays are a promising technology that measure protein levels in serum or plasma samples. Due to their high technical variability and high variation in protein levels across serum samples in any population, directly answering biological questions of interest using protein microarray measurements is challenging. Analyzing preprocessed data and within-sample ranks of protein levels can mitigate the impact of between-sample variation.

Exploring how space, time, and sampling impact our ability to measure genetic structure across populations.

A primary use of malaria parasite genomics is identifying highly related infections to quantify epidemiological, spatial, or temporal factors associated with patterns of transmission. For example, spatial clustering of highly related parasites can indicate foci of transmission and temporal differences in relatedness can serve as evidence for changes in transmission over time. However, for infections in settings of moderate to high endemicity, understanding patterns of relatedness is compromised by complex infections, overall high forces of infection, and a highly diverse parasite population.

Drug Prescriptions Requiring Compounding at a Canadian University Affiliated Pediatric Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Despite ongoing international efforts, many drugs administered to children must be compounded from dosage forms designed for adults because they remain unavailable in commercial formulations that suit their needs. Even though oral drug compounding is common in pediatrics, the extent of this practice has not been well described in recent years. This cross-sectional and retrospective study was conducted at a Canadian university-affiliated, 484-bed, tertiary care pediatric hospital and its rehabilitation centre on two randomly selected days.

COVID-19 and Sickle Cell Disease in the Province of Quebec, Canada: Outcomes after Two Years of the Pandemic.

Background: Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are considered at higher risk of severe COVID-19 infection. However, morbidity and mortality rates are variable among countries. To date, there are no published reports that document outcomes of SCD patients with COVID-19 in Canada.

Olfactory Training Impacts Olfactory Dysfunction Induced by COVID-19: A Pilot Study.

Introduction: Olfactory dysfunction is one of the main symptoms of COVID-19 and may last beyond resolution of the infection. The most promising intervention for post-viral olfactory dysfunction is olfactory training (OT), which involves exposing the olfactory system to a range of odors daily. This approach is thought of promoting the regeneration of olfactory receptor cells, but its effectiveness in patients with post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction has yet to be confirmed.

An Analysis of Right Hemisphere Stroke Discourse in the Modern Cookie Theft Picture.

Purpose: Adults with right hemisphere damage demonstrate differences in connected speech compared to controls, but systematic, quantitative methods to capture these differences are lacking. The current study aimed to (a) investigate if measures using the Modern Cookie Theft picture description would identify discourse differences in acute right hemisphere stroke, and (b) examine if discourse differences were associated with documented cognitive impairment.

Method: Eighty-four participants completed the Modern Cookie Theft picture description within 5 days of right hemisphere stroke.

From paediatric formulations development to access: Advances made and remaining challenges.

Developing suitable paediatric formulations and ensuring access to them by the greatest number of the 2.2 billion children worldwide are equally important to provide optimal pharmacotherapy. This review focuses on the progress made over the last two decades with paediatric oral formulations with respect to evidence for acceptability and dosing flexibility of liquid and solid oral dosage forms.