In Vitro Molecular Study of Titanium-Niobium Alloy Biocompatibility.

Titanium dental implants have common clinical applications due to their biocompatibility, biophysical and biochemical characteristics. Although current titanium is thought to be safe and beneficial for patients, there are several indications that it may release toxic metal ions or metal nanoparticles from its alloys into the surrounding environment, which could lead to clinically relevant complications including toxic reactions as well as immune dysfunctions. Hence, an adequate selection and testing of medical biomaterial with outstanding properties are warranted.

Biological Effects and Applications of Bulk and Surface Acoustic Waves on In Vitro Cultured Mammal Cells: New Insights.

Medical imaging has relied on ultrasound (US) as an exploratory method for decades. Nonetheless, in cell biology, the numerous US applications are mainly in the research and development phase. In this review, we report the main effects on human or mammal cells of US induced by bulk or surface acoustic waves (SAW).

Aerosol-Cell Exposure System Applied to Semi-Adherent Cells for Aerosolization of Lung Surfactant and Nanoparticles Followed by High Quality RNA Extraction.

Unlabelled: Nanoparticle toxicity assessments have moved closer to physiological conditions while trying to avoid the use of animal models. An example of new in vitro exposure techniques developed is the exposure of cultured cells at the air-liquid interface (ALI), particularly in the case of respiratory airways. While the commercially available VITROCELL Cloud System has been applied for the delivery of aerosolized substances to adherent cells under ALI conditions, it has not yet been tested on lung surfactant and semi-adherent cells such as alveolar macrophages, which are playing a pivotal role in the nanoparticle-induced immune response.

Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis adhesion on implantable titanium used in odontology: a preliminary study.

The study presented here aimed to assess the ability of Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis bacteria to adhere to and form biofilm on the structure of titanium used in implants. D. fairfieldensis was found in the periodontal pockets in the oral environment, indicating that these bacteria can colonize the implant-bone interface and consequently cause bone infection and implant corrosion.

Toxicity of TiO Nanoparticles: Validation of Alternative Models.

There are many studies concerning titanium dioxide (TiO) nanoparticles (NP) toxicity. Nevertheless, there are few publications comparing and exposure, and even less comparing air-liquid interface exposure (ALI) with other and exposures. The identification and validation of common markers under different exposure conditions are relevant for the development of smart and quick nanotoxicity tests.

Genes expression profiling of alveolar macrophages exposed to non-functionalized, anionic and cationic multi-walled carbon nanotubes shows three different mechanisms of toxicity.

Functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have become the focus of increased research interest, particularly in their application as tools in different areas, such as the biomedical field. Despite the benefits associated with functionalization of MWCNT, particularly in overcoming issues relating to solubility, several studies have demonstrated that these functionalized nanoparticles display different toxicity profiles. For this study, we aim to compare NR8383 cells responses to three well-characterized MWCNT with varying functional groups.

Encapsulation of S-nitrosoglutathione: a transcriptomic validation.

Objective: S-nitrosogluthatione (GSNO), a S-nitrosothiol, is a commonly used as nitric oxide (NO) donor. However, its half-life is too short for a direct therapeutic use. To protect and ensure a sustained release of NO, the encapsulation of GSNO into nanoparticles may be an interesting option.

Cytotoxicity and global transcriptional responses induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles NM 110 in PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells.

Despite a wide production and use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONP), their toxicological study is only of limited number and their impact at a molecular level is seldom addressed. Thus, we have used, as a model, zinc oxide nanoparticle NM110 (ZnO110NP) exposure to PMA-differentiated THP-1 macrophages. The cell viability was studied at the cellular level using WST-1, LDH and Alamar Blue assays, as well as at the molecular level by transcriptomic analysis.

Epigenetic regulation of genes involved in the reverse cholesterol transport through interaction with miRNAs.

microRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNA molecules known to regulate target genes at the post-transcriptional level. miRNAs are implicated in the regulation of multiple pathophysiological processes including dyslipidemia, a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. Emerging evidence suggests that miRNAs act as a novel class of epigenetic regulators of high-density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL-C) from synthesis to clearance contributing remarkably to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

Chitosan nanoparticles and quercetin modulate gene expression and prevent the genotoxicity of aflatoxin B in rat liver.

The aims of the current study were to prepare chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) and to evaluate its protective role alone or in combination with quercetin (Q) against AFB-induce cytotoxicity in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 12 groups and treated orally for 4 weeks as follow: the control group, the group treated with AFB (80 μg/kg b.w.

Human monocyte response to S-nitrosoglutathione-loaded nanoparticles: uptake, viability, and transcriptome.

S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) is a good candidate for nitric oxide (NO(•)) delivery, and its nanoformulation improves NO(•) stability and bioavailability. We have compared the effect of empty Eudragit nanoparticles (eENP), GSNO-loaded ENP (gENP), and free GSNO on THP-1 human monocytic cell line. We investigated cellular viability and growth by WST-1 and trypan blue tests.

Viability and gene expression responses to polymeric nanoparticles in human and rat cells.

Applications of polymeric nanoparticles (NP) in medical fields are rapidly expanding. However, the influence of polymeric NP on cell growth and functions is widely underestimated. Therefore, we have studied cell and polymeric NP interactions by addressing two cell types with two endpoints (viability and gene expressions).

Uptake of Eudragit Retard L (Eudragit RL) Nanoparticles by Human THP-1 Cell Line and Its Effects on Hematology and Erythrocyte Damage in Rats.

The aim of this study was to prepare Eudragit Retard L (Eudragit RL) nanoparticles (ENPs) and to determine their properties, their uptake by the human THP-1 cell line and their effect on the hematological parameters and erythrocyte damage in rats. ENPs showed an average size of 329.0 ± 18.

Unique growth pattern of human mammary epithelial cells induced by polymeric nanoparticles.

Due to their unique properties, engineered nanoparticles (NPs) have found broad use in industry, technology, and medicine, including as a vehicle for drug delivery. However, the understanding of NPs' interaction with different types of mammalian cells lags significantly behind their increasing adoption in drug delivery. In this study, we show unique responses of human epithelial breast cells when exposed to polymeric Eudragit® RS NPs (ENPs) for 1-3 days.

DNA-adducts in subjects exposed to urban air pollution by benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Cotonou, Benin.

Air pollution effect on humans represents a major public health problem. Exposure to genotoxic compounds in the ambient air is evaluated using different biomarkers. In the present study we assessed DNA-adducts levels in apparently healthy people living and working in the city of Cotonou (Benin) in which exposure to air pollutants such as benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) mainly benzo(a)pyrene has been evidenced.

Gene expression profile in monocyte during in vitro mineral fiber degradation.

A human monocytes cell line, U-937, incubated in the presence of filtered medium from Escherichia coli culture (FS) has been previously reported to degrade man made mineral fiber and it has been indicated as a good paradigm of in vivo fiber biopersistence evaluation (manuscript accepted for publication). In the present paper, a study is reported aimed to define the molecular modification occurring in the U-937 monocytes during in vitro fiber degradation. The induction of gene expression was investigated in U-937 exposed to rock wool fibers (HDN) in the presence of FS by transcriptome analysis using 20 K DNA microarrays and quantitative RT-PCR.

A new in vitro cellular system for the analysis of mineral fiber biopersistence.

The toxicity of mineral fibers, whether they are natural or man made (MMMF), is usually evaluated in vivo using biopersistence tests in rodents. Development of an in vitro cellular model would be worthwhile in order to reduce, refine and finally replace animal models. For this purpose, we developed an in vitro assay using human monocytic cell line (U-937) to evaluate a new manufactured rock wool fiber (HDN) biodegradation.

Microdissection, mRNA amplification and microarray: a study of pleural mesothelial and malignant mesothelioma cells.

The studies of molecular alterations in tumor cells with microarrays are often hampered by inherent tissue heterogeneity. The emergence of Laser Capture Microdissection (LCM) allowed us to overcome this challenge since it gives selective access to cancer cells that are isolated from their native tissue environment. In this report, we microdissected mesothelial cells and malignant mesothelioma cells of ex vivo resected specimens using LCM.

Cell protection, resistance and invasiveness of two malignant mesotheliomas as assessed by 10K-microarray.

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive serosal tumor, strongly associated with former exposure to asbestos fibers and for which there is currently no effective treatment available. In human, MPM is characterized by a high local invasiveness, poor prognosis and therapeutic outcomes. In order to assess molecular changes that specify this phenotype, we performed a global gene expression profiling of human MPM.

From transcriptomics to bibliomics.

Background: Current biological investigations tend to operate with genomes, instead of genes as during the last century. It is possible to compare entire genomes, transcriptomes or proteomes, using alphanumeric data corresponding to the differential expression levels of thousands of genes. What remains difficult is to link array results to factual or bibliographical data and retrieve information that is highly structured and - in Shannon's sense - rare.

Microarrays as cancer keys: an array of possibilities.

Malignant transformation results from accumulation of genetic and epigenetic events. Functional studies of cancer will be crucial to our understanding of its complexity and polymorphism. There is no doubt that emerging genomic and proteomic technologies will facilitate such investigations.