Adverse events associated with currently used medical treatments for cystinuria and treatment goals: results from a series of 442 patients in France.

Objective: To evaluate medical treatments, in terms of adverse events (AEs) and therapeutic goals, in a large series of patients with cystinuria.

Patients And Methods: Data from 442 patients with cystinuria were recorded retrospectively. Crystalluria was studied in 89 patients.

CKD and Its Risk Factors among Patients with Cystinuria.

Background And Objectives: Cystinuria is an autosomal recessive disorder affecting renal cystine reabsorption; it causes 1% and 8% of stones in adults and children, respectively. This study aimed to determine epidemiologic and clinical characteristics as well as comorbidities among cystinuric patients, focusing on CKD and high BP.

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: This retrospective study was conducted in France, and involved 47 adult and pediatric nephrology and urology centers from April 2010 to January 2012.

Biological significance of perineural invasion (PNI) in prostate cancer.

Background: In order to better understand the biological significance of perineural invasion (PNI) in prostate cancer, we aimed to analyze in situ the expression of molecules involved in tumor growth or nerve trophicity.

Methods: Tissues from 66 radical prostatectomies performed for prostate cancer (40 with PNI and 26 without PNI) were selected and included in a tissue microarray (TMA): PNI areas (when available), cancer far from nerves, and nerves far from cancer. The expression of the following molecules was analyzed using immunohistochemistry on TMA slides: macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and its receptor CD74, EGF receptor (EGFR), heregulin (HRG) and its receptor ErbB3, and the proliferation marker Ki67.

Tamsulosin hydrochloride vs placebo for management of distal ureteral stones: a multicentric, randomized, double-blind trial.

Background: α-Blockers induce selective relaxation of ureteral smooth muscle with subsequent inhibition of ureteral spasms and dilatation of the ureteral lumen. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the α-blocker tamsulosin hydrochloride in patients with ureteral colic owing to a distal ureteral stone.

Methods: This was a multicenter, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study.

Expression of estrogen related proteins in hormone refractory prostate cancer: association with tumor progression.

Purpose: Despite increasing evidence that estrogen signaling has a key role in prostate cancer development and progression, few studies have focused on the estrogen pathway in the transition from hormone sensitive to hormone refractory tumors. We investigated the expression of proteins related to androgen and estrogen metabolism in paired prostate cancer samples collected before androgen deprivation therapy and after hormonal relapse.

Materials And Methods: The study included 55 patients treated for prostate cancer only with androgen deprivation therapy and in whom tissue was available before treatment induction and after recurrence.

Percentage of positive biopsy cores at the onset of hormone therapy for prostate cancer: prognostic significance.

Introduction: The percentage of positive prostate biopsy cores (%PBC) has been shown to be a prognostic factor in localized prostate cancer. We hypothesized that it would predict time to hormonal independence and survival in prostate cancer patients treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).

Patients And Methods: We used clinical data from 403 men treated with ADT between 1980 and 1999 and focused on a subgroup of 220 patients treated with GnRH analogue.

One preoperative dose randomized against 3-day antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsy.

Objective: To compare the incidence of infective events between a single dose and 3-day antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy.

Patients And Methods: Patients were randomized to receive either one preoperative dose consisting of two ciprofloxacin 500 mg tablets 2 h before prostate biopsy, or 3 days of ciprofloxacin treatment. They had a clinical examination at study inclusion, the day of the biopsy and 3 weeks later.

Continuous versus six months a year maximal androgen blockade in the management of prostate cancer: a randomised study.

Objective: To evaluate systematically interrupted androgen suppression (SIAS) 6 mo a year compared with continuous androgen suppression (CAS) in prostate cancer treatment.

Patients And Methods: All patients underwent maximal androgen blockade for 6 mo. Then, depending on the randomisation arm, they continued (CAS) or stopped their treatment for 6 mo before they resumed it a year later and so on (SIAS).

[Prognostic significance of "sawtooth" PSA and "stepwise" PSA].

Objective: To evaluate the risk of diagnosing prostate cancer on repeated biopsies in patients with fluctuating PSA values compared to patients with stable or regularly increasing PSA values.

Material: Retrospective study conducted on the 2000-2003 databases of 2 French teaching hospitals. Selected patients had a first negative prostatic biopsy, then at least one other series of prostatic biopsies.

[National prospective survey on the surgical quality of renal transplants in France. Study conducted by the Association Française d'Urologie Transplantation Committee].

Study Objective: The objective of this prospective study was to describe the nature of the lesions observed during brain-dead cadavre donor kidney harvesting in France and to identify the risk factors for these lesions.

Material And Methods: A questionnaire elaborated by the AFU Transplantation Committee concerning the quality of kidneys harvested from cadavre donors was sent to all centres performing renal transplantation in France in 2000. This prospective study was conducted over a period of 1 year and concerned the overall multi-organ harvesting procedure based on all data concerning the renal parenchyma, arteriovenous and ureteric characteristics, and the outcome of the transplants.

[Biomedical research legislation applicable since 28 August 2006].

The new legislation concerning biomedical research entered into force on 28 August 2006. This legislation, which goes further than the recommendations of European Directive 2001/20/EC, introduces several modifications reinforcing the role of the Comité de Protection des Personnes (Ethics Committee) and the various administrations. The protection of subjects is reinforced by increased control of participants and investigators.

Fluctuating prostate-specific antigen levels in patients with initial negative biopsy: should we be reassured?

Objective: To evaluate whether the risk of having a positive repeat prostate biopsy is lower in patients with fluctuating prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels than in patients with a steady or steadily increasing PSA level.

Patients And Methods: Files were extracted from the 2000-2003 databases of two teaching hospitals; 191 patients who had a first negative biopsy followed by one or more sets of biopsies and at least two PSA measurements were included. A 'fluctuating PSA level' in a patient was defined as a PSA series including at least one PSA value lower than the one immediately preceding it.

[Macroscopic haematuria after transurethral resection of the prostate].

Unlabelled: Although macroscopic haematuria during the month following transurethral resection of the prostate, due to sloughing of necrotic tissue, is a phenomenon well known to urologists since introduction of endoscopic resection, its pathophysiological and epidemiological characteristics are poorly defined. The objective of this retrospective study was to define the incidence of serious macroscopic haematuria after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and to identify the risk factors for macroscopic haematuria.

Patients And Methods: The hospital database was used to identify patients treated by TURP between 1997 and 2004 and rehospitalized during the 31 days following the procedure.

[Does the initial or secondary status of T1G3 bladder tumours have a prognostic impact?].

Objective: This retrospective study evaluated the prognostic value of the initial or secondary status of pT1G3 bladder tumours.

Materials And Methods: Between 1990 and 2000, 93 patients presented with T1G3 bladder tumour. Seventy-five patients, 54 with initial T1G3 and 21 with secondary T1G3, with no history of invasive bladder tumour, were included in the study.

Urinary/serum prostate-specific antigen ratio: comparison with free/total serum prostate-specific antigen ratio in improving prostate cancer detection.

Objectives: To test the previously reported hypothesis, that the urinary/total serum (U/S) prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ratio improves the detection of prostate cancer, by evaluating the clinical usefulness of the U/S PSA ratio and comparing it with the free/total (F/T) serum PSA ratio.

Methods: A total of 165 patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy were prospectively included in this multicenter study. In all patients, PSA was measured from preoperative serum and 12-hour urine specimens in a centralized laboratory.

[Urinary stones in subjects over the age of sixty].

Objective: Urinary stones, affecting 10% of the French population, is a frequent disease. Data of the literature on this disease in subjects over the age of 60 years reveal age-related changes of risk factors, especially affecting urine composition, but very few data have been reported concerning the clinical characteristics of the disease. Due to the absence of recent data on urinary stones in subjects over the age of 60 in France, we decided to study the epidemiology and urological treatment of urinary stones in the elderly in France.

[Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in subjects over the age of 70: a multicentre retrospective study of 210 cases].

Introduction: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in subjects over the age of 70 is considered to be associated with a higher risk than extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL). However this technique is sometimes necessary for very large or complex stones in patients with several comorbidities.

Study Objective: To evaluate the predictive factors of success and operative risks likely to influence the results of PCNL in a population of patients over the age of 70.

[Guidelines for the urological management of renal and ureteric stones in adults].

Progress in the treatment of urinary stones over the last 20 years requires a clearer definition of the indications for each treatment modality for the urological management of renal and ureteric stones in adults. The Stones Committee of the Association Française d'Urologie reviewed the European and American guidelines, the literature published over the last five years, and the experience of its members to establish a set of practical guidelines for the treatment of urinary stones. The site (kidney or ureter) and size (dimensions) of the stone are the initial descriptive criteria for the choice of treatment.

Encrusted cystitis and pyelitis in children: an unusual condition with potentially severe consequences.

Objectives: To report our experience with the management of encrusted cystitis and pyelitis (EC and EP) in the pediatric population. EC and EP are well-known entities in adults but are rarely identified in children. They consist of mucosal encrustations and are due to specific microorganisms.

[Long-term follow-up of 88 patients operated for primary vesicorenal reflux in childhood].

Objective: To determine the long-term outcome of patients operated for primary vesicorenal reflux (VRR) in childhood.

Materials And Method: This study concerned 88 patients successfully operated for VRR in childhood before 1986 and who answered a questionnaire in 2001. The medical files were reviewed retrospectively and reflux was re-evaluated according to the latest international classification.

[Neuroendocrine cancer of the prostate. A series of 6 cases].

Introduction: Neuroendocrine cancer of the prostate (NECP) is a rare entity. Screening for this tumour, although not systematic, may have therapeutic implications. The authors retrospectively evaluated 6 cases of NECP observed in the department between September 1998 and May 2002.

[Partial infarction of the kidney caused by spontaneous idiopathic dissection of the renal artery].

Idiopathic spontaneous renal artery dissection (SRAD) is a rare disease and must be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of low back pain. It may be due to various aetiologies, secondary to degenerative or traumatic diseases, or it may be idiopathic. Intravenous urography is usually normal.

[Sensitivity of abdominal radiography without preparation compared with computed tomography in the assessment of residual fragments after percutaneous nephrolithotomy].

Introduction: Evaluation of possible residual fragments after percutaneous nephrolithotomy is an essential aspect of the management of stone disease. The results of this evaluation determine the therapeutic approach, follow-up and presumed duration of treatment. The imaging modalities most frequently used are non-enhanced spiral computed tomography and plain abdominal x-ray.

[Prevalence of osteoporotic fractures in patients treated by androgen blockade for prostate cancer].

Introduction: Endocrine therapy is the standard first-line treatment for metastatic prostate cancer. The use of this treatment modality for a number of years in a large population has demonstrated some of its iatrogenic complications, especially bone complications. Hypogonadism induced by chemical castration can be responsible for osteoporosis that may be complicated by fractures.