Successful use of pooled sera to determine HIV-1 seroprevalence in Zaire with development of cost-efficiency models.

To determine the accuracy and cost efficiency of pooling sera prior to HIV-1 testing, sera from 8,000 Kinshasa factory workers and their spouses were screened individually (2.44% seropositive) and in 800 pools of 10 sera each. There were no false-negative or false-positive pools, resulting in a calculated seroprevalence estimate of 2.

Guidelines for rapid estimation of the direct and indirect costs of HIV infection in a developing country.

The economic impact of AIDS may be especially severe in developing nations because of the additional burden on scarce health care resources and the potential loss of human capital. We describe a methodology for estimating the direct and indirect costs of HIV infection. Our approach is designed for the typical environment of international economic consulting, where time is short, and data sparse.

Application of the Salmonella typhimurium microsome test to the study of 25 drugs belonging to 5 chemical series.

25 active-principle forms of pharmaceutical drugs belonging to 5 chemical series have been tested for mutagenic activity. To screen these drugs we used the Salmonella typhimurium assay on 5-histidine-requiring strains, with and without microsomal activation. Only the 3 nitroimidazole derivatives were mutagenic for strains TA100, TA1535 and TA98.