A Semi-Mechanistic Population Pharmacokinetic Model of Noscapine in Healthy Subjects Considering Hepatic First-Pass Extraction and CYP2C9 Genotypes.

Introduction: Noscapine is a commonly used cough suppressant, with ongoing research on its anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. The drug has a pronounced pharmacokinetic variability.

Objective: This evaluation aims to describe the pharmacokinetics of noscapine using a semi-mechanistic population pharmacokinetic model and to identify covariates that could explain inter-individual pharmacokinetic variability.

Assessment of body mass-related covariates for rifampicin pharmacokinetics in healthy Caucasian volunteers.

Purpose: Currently, body weight-based dosing of rifampicin is recommended. But lately, fat-free mass (FFM) was reported to be superior to body weight (BW). The present evaluation aimed to assess the influence of body mass-related covariates on rifampicin's pharmacokinetics (PK) parameters in more detail using non-linear mixed effects modeling (NLMEM).

Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling of epinephrine administered using a mobile inhaler.

Inhaled epinephrine is a potential alternative to self-administered intramuscular epinephrine in imminent anaphylactic reactions. The objective was to develop a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model describing exposure and effects on heart rate of inhaled epinephrine. Data from a 4-phase cross-over clinical trial in 9 healthy volunteers including 0.

A novel toxicokinetic modeling of cypermethrin and permethrin and their metabolites in humans for dose reconstruction from biomarker data.

To assess exposure to pyrethroids in the general population, one of most widely used method nowadays consists of measuring urinary metabolites. Unfortunately, interpretation of data is limited by the unspecified relation between dose and levels in biological tissues and excreta. The objective of this study was to develop a common multi-compartment toxicokinetic model to predict the time courses of two mainly used pyrethroid pesticides, permethrin and cypermethrin, and their metabolites (cis-DCCA, trans-DCCA and 3-PBA) in the human body and in accessible biological matrices following different exposure scenarios.

Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and comparative bioavailability of single, oral 2-mg doses of dexamethasone liquid and tablet formulations: a randomized, controlled, crossover study in healthy adult volunteers.

Background: Dexamethasone is a glucocorticoid used widely worldwide for immunosuppressive treatment, allergies, bronchiolitis, and croup, among others. For children, liquid formulations are especially suitable because, compared with other dosage forms, both exact dosing and proper intake are facilitated.

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and comparative bioavailability of a commercial liquid oral dexamethasone formulation intended for pediatric use relative to those of a tablet.

Absorption, pharmacokinetics, and safety of triclosan after dermal administration.

We evaluated the pharmacokinetics and safety of the antimicrobial agent triclosan after dermal application of a 2% triclosan-containing cream to six volunteers. Percutaneous absorption calculated from urinary excretion was 5.9% +/- 2.

Inhibition of CYP 17, a new strategy for the treatment of prostate cancer.

Androgens are growth factors for approximately 80 percent of all prostate cancers. Suppressing androgen biosynthesis is therefore an important therapeutic strategy in order to inhibit tumor growth. Unfortunately, the drugs currently applied to lower androgen levels only affect testicular androgen production.