Phase II study of uPAR-PET/CT for staging of primary breast cancer in comparison with ultrasound and fine needle biopsies.

Accurate initial staging of patients with breast cancer is essential for planning optimal treatment strategies. However, currently, no imaging modality is able to detect lymph node metastases preoperatively with sufficient reliability; therefore, the N status depends on the sentinel node procedure for ~ 70% of patients. In a prospective clinical trial of breast cancer patients, we compared head-to-head uPAR-PET/CT with current standard-of-care, ultrasound (US) and fine needle biopsy (FNB) as staging methods.

Little evidence of inbreeding depression for birth mass, survival and growth in Antarctic fur seal pups.

Inbreeding depression, the loss of offspring fitness due to consanguineous mating, is generally detrimental for individual performance and population viability. We investigated inbreeding effects in a declining population of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) at Bird Island, South Georgia. Here, localised warming has reduced the availability of the seal's staple diet, Antarctic krill, leading to a temporal increase in the strength of selection against inbred offspring, which are increasingly failing to recruit into the adult breeding population.

Ecological implications of fish removal: Insights from gut-content analysis of roach (Rutilus rutilus) and European perch (Perca fluviatilis) in a eutrophic shallow lake.

Large reductions in fish biomass are common both as a method of managing lake ecosystems by fish removals (biomanipulation) and as naturally occurring fish kills. To further understand how fish reductions change feeding patterns of fish, we studied the diets of small- to medium-sized roach (Rutilus rutilus) and European perch (Perca fluviatilis) on a monthly basis using gut-content analysis during an 18-month period before and after a whole-lake fish removal in a eutrophic shallow lake. Further, we performed in-depth analyses of zoobenthos communities of the profundal and littoral zones, as well as analysed the zooplankton community in the littoral and pelagic parts of the lake to estimate abundance and biomass of potential diet items.

Unexplained fever in children-Benefits and challenges of FDG-PET/CT.

Aim: To explore [fluorine-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron-emission-tomography/computed tomography ( FDG-PET/CT) in patients where standard investigations were non-diagnostic.

Methods: We reviewed medical records of previously healthy children who had FDG-PET/CT performed at Copenhagen University Hospital in 2015-2020 due to unexplained fever.

Results: Thirty-five of 819 paediatric FDG-PET/CT were performed due to unexplained fever.

Patterns of relapse and long-term outcome in patients treated with a curative intent for advanced Hodgkin lymphoma.

Background: Consolidation radiotherapy for advanced Hodgkin lymphoma (AHL) is controversial. Precise knowledge of the most likely relapse location is crucial for radiotherapy planning. We performed detailed patterns of relapse analyses and evaluated if initial bulky disease, initial 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG)-avidity and/or a residual mass on computed tomography (CT)-scan after chemotherapy are sites with a high risk of relapse.

First-in-Humans PET Imaging of Tissue Factor in Patients with Primary and Metastatic Cancers Using F-labeled Active-Site Inhibited Factor VII (F-ASIS): Potential as Companion Diagnostic.

Tissue factor (TF) expression in cancers correlates with poor prognosis. Recently, the first TF-targeted therapy was approved by the U.S.

First-in-Human Study of [Ga]Ga-NODAGA-E[c(RGDyK)] PET for Integrin αβ Imaging in Patients with Breast Cancer and Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Safety, Dosimetry and Tumor Imaging Ability.

Arginine-Glycine-Aspartate (RGD)-recognizing cell surface integrins are involved in tumor growth, invasiveness/metastases, and angiogenesis, and are therefore an attractive treatment target in cancers. The subtype integrin αβ is upregulated on endothelial cells during angiogenesis and on tumor cells. In vivo assessment of integrin αβ is possible with positron emission tomography (PET).

Multi-parametric PET/MRI for enhanced tumor characterization of patients with cervical cancer.

Aim: The concept of personalized medicine has brought increased awareness to the importance of inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity for cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to explore simultaneous multi-parametric PET/MRI prior to chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer for characterization of tumors and tumor heterogeneity.

Methods: Ten patients with histologically proven primary cervical cancer were examined with multi-parametric Ga-NODAGA-E[c(RGDyK)]-PET/MRI for radiation treatment planning after diagnostic F-FDG-PET/CT.

Deep learning for Dixon MRI-based attenuation correction in PET/MRI of head and neck cancer patients.

Background: Quantitative whole-body PET/MRI relies on accurate patient-specific MRI-based attenuation correction (AC) of PET, which is a non-trivial challenge, especially for the anatomically complex head and neck region. We used a deep learning model developed for dose planning in radiation oncology to derive MRI-based attenuation maps of head and neck cancer patients and evaluated its performance on PET AC.

Methods: Eleven head and neck cancer patients, referred for radiotherapy, underwent CT followed by PET/MRI with acquisition of Dixon MRI.

Prospective Phase II Trial of Prognostication by Ga-NOTA-AE105 uPAR PET in Patients with Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Implications for uPAR-Targeted Therapy.

The clinical course for patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) ranges from indolent to highly aggressive. Noninvasive tools to improve prognostication and guide decisions on treatment are warranted. Expression of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is present in many cancer types and associated with a poor outcome.

Estimation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Fatality Rate by Age and Comorbidity Status Using Antibody Screening of Blood Donors During the COVID-19 Epidemic in Denmark.

Background: Studies presenting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection fatality rate (IFR) for healthy individuals are warranted. We estimate IFR by age and comorbidity status using data from a large serosurvey among Danish blood donors and nationwide data on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality.

Methods: Danish blood donors aged 17-69 years donating blood October 2020-February 2021 were tested with a commercial SARS-CoV-2 total antibody assay.

RootPainter3D: Interactive-machine-learning enables rapid and accurate contouring for radiotherapy.

Purpose: Organ-at-risk contouring is still a bottleneck in radiotherapy, with many deep learning methods falling short of promised results when evaluated on clinical data. We investigate the accuracy and time-savings resulting from the use of an interactive-machine-learning method for an organ-at-risk contouring task.

Methods: We implement an open-source interactive-machine-learning software application that facilitates corrective-annotation for deep-learning generated contours on X-ray CT images.

Robustness and Generalizability of Deep Learning Synthetic Computed Tomography for Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Radiation Therapy Planning of Patients With Head and Neck Cancer.

Purpose: Radiotherapy planning based only on positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) lacks computed tomography (CT) information required for dose calculations. In this study, a previously developed deep learning model for creating synthetic CT (sCT) from MRI in patients with head and neck cancer was evaluated in 2 scenarios: (1) using an independent external dataset, and (2) using a local dataset after an update of the model related to scanner software-induced changes to the input MRI.

Methods And Materials: Six patients from an external site and 17 patients from a local cohort were analyzed separately.

Baseline FDG PET/CT in free breathing versus deep inspiration breath-hold for pediatric patients with mediastinal lymphoma.

Introduction: The prospective TEDDI protocol investigates the feasibility of radiotherapy delivery in deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) for pediatric patients. To secure optimal radiotherapy planning, a diagnostic baseline FDG PET/CT in free breathing (FB) and DIBH was acquired. The anatomical changes in the mediastinum and the effect on PET metrics between the two breathing conditions were assessed for pediatric patients with mediastinal lymphoma.

The optimal use of PET/CT in the management of lymphoma patients.

F-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scans play an important role in the management of lymphoma patients. They are critical to accurately stage disease and assess its response to therapy. In addition, PET/CT scans enable precise target delineation for radiation therapy planning.

How do young men want to receive information about fertility? Young men's attitudes towards a fertility campaign targeting men in Copenhagen, Denmark.

Study Question: What are young men's attitudes towards the Danish fertility campaign 'How's your sperm?' and how do they want to receive fertility information in the future?

Summary Answer: The young men found that the campaign had limited impact because it was not relevant to their current life situation and they believed general fertility awareness should be a mandatory part of education, while more targeted information would be helpful through web-based venues when it was more relevant to their lives (e.g. when ready to have children).

Toward PET/MRI as one-stop shop for radiotherapy planning in cervical cancer patients.

Background: Radiotherapy (RT) planning for cervical cancer patients entails the acquisition of both Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Further, molecular imaging by Positron Emission Tomography (PET) could contribute to target volume delineation as well as treatment response monitoring. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of a PET/MRI-only RT planning workflow of patients with cervical cancer.

FDG-PET/CT identified distant metastases and synchronous cancer in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: the impact of smoking and P16-s.

Purpose: Whole-body FDG-PET-CT is widely used at diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) but may identify suspicious lesions outside the neck that require investigation. This study evaluated the impact of smoking and P16-status on the incidence of malignant disease outside the head and neck region in newly diagnosed patients with SCCHN.

Methods: All PET-positive foci outside the head-neck area were registered in 1069 patients planned for postoperative or curative intent radiotherapy with whole-body FDG-PET/CT from 2006 to 2012.

Relapse localization in Danish pediatric patients with Hodgkin lymphoma.

Background: Pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma (pHL) is highly curable. However, a minority experience relapse and are subjected to toxic salvage regimens. Investigating the patterns of relapse could help to select the patients and/or the involved sites that would benefit from consolidating radiotherapy.

Preliminary report of an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in mink and mink farmers associated with community spread, Denmark, June to November 2020.

In June-November 2020, SARS-CoV-2-infected mink were detected in 290 of 1,147 Danish mink farms. In North Denmark Region, 30% (324/1,092) of people found connected to mink farms tested SARS-CoV-2-PCR-positive and approximately 27% (95% confidence interval (CI): 25-30) of SARS-CoV-2-strains from humans in the community were mink-associated. Measures proved insufficient to mitigate spread.

Combined dual energy and iterative metal artefact reduction for PET/CT in head and neck cancer.

Metal artefacts in PET/CT images hamper diagnostic accuracy in head and neck cancer (HNC). The aim of this study is to characterise the clinical effects of metal artefacts on PET/CT in HNC and to inform decision-making concerning implementation of MAR techniques. We study a combined dual energy CT and inpainting-based metal artefact reduction (DECT-I-MAR) technique for PET/CT in three settings: (A) A dental phantom with a removable amalgam-filled tooth to evaluate the PET error in comparison to a known reference.

F-FDG PET is Superior to WHO Grading as a Prognostic Tool in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms and Useful in Guiding PRRT: A Prospective 10-Year Follow-up Study.

Accurate grading of patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) is essential for risk stratification and optimal choice of therapy. Currently, grading is based on histologically assessed degree of tumor proliferation. The aim of the present study was to assess the long-term prognostic value of F-FDG PET imaging for risk stratification of NENs and compare it with tumor grading (World Health Organization 2010 classification).

F-FLT PET/CT Adds Value to F-FDG PET/CT for Diagnosing Relapse After Definitive Radiotherapy in Patients with Lung Cancer: Results of a Prospective Clinical Trial.

Diagnosing relapse after radiotherapy for lung cancer is challenging. The specificity of both CT and F-FDG PET/CT is low because of radiation-induced changes. 3'-deoxy-3'-F-fluorothymidine (F-FLT) PET has previously demonstrated higher specificity for malignancy than F-FDG PET.