The assessment of litter quality in broiler chickens: validity, inter-assessor reliability, and intra-assessor repeatability of three visual scoring systems.

1. This study evaluated the validity, inter-assessor reliability and intra-assessor repeatability of three visual scoring systems for litter quality, one known as the Welfare Quality Assessment Protocol© and two complementary systems for friability and humidity developed by the ClassyFarm initiative.2.

Endogenous tPA levels: A biomarker for discriminating hemorrhagic stroke from ischemic stroke and stroke mimics.

Objective: Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability. Timely differentiation between ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and stroke mimics is critical for tailored treatment and triage. To accelerate the identification of stroke's subtype, we propose to use the levels of circulating tPA as a biomarker.

Dairy goat doe-kid rearing systems: Farmers' motivations and a description of practices, benefits, and drawbacks.

In French dairy goat systems, kids are generally separated from their mother does shortly after birth. The main drivers of this practice are related to health-especially the prevention of the caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) transmission-and economics. However, the separation of young ruminants from their does is being increasingly questioned by society and has raised concerns about the satisfaction of their behavioral needs.

Harnessing the Potential of Electron Donor-Acceptor Complexes and N-Centered Radicals: Expanding the Frontiers of Isoquinoline Derivative Synthesis.

Research on synthesizing nitrogen-containing heterocyclic scaffolds is important because these structures are commonly found in Nature, such as in the alkaloids' family. In our study, we propose a new method to synthesize the isoquinoline core using an electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex strategy. Our mechanistic investigations have confirmed that our synthesis process operates through an EDA mechanism, which is not extensively discussed in the literature, particularly regarding its applications on alkynyl substrates.

Synthesis of ,β-Fused Thiazinamine-Porphyrins Oxidative C-N Fusion of Pyrimidinyl-Substituted Porphyrins.

5,15-Bis(pyrimidin-2-ylthio)porphyrins have been synthesized. Their electrochemical oxidation leads to the formation of mono- and bis-C-N-fused thiopyrimidinium intermediates depending on the applied charge and potential. These latter undergo nucleophilic attack with water during workup that drives the ring opening of the pyrimidinium moiety.

Synthesis of Isoquinolines and Related Heterocycles under Visible-Light Conditions.

Visible-light catalysis is now widely acknowledged as a potent approach for efficiently constructing various types of frameworks, particularly bioactive compounds, with high yields. However, there is still a strong need for further advancements in these methods because certain delicate compounds cannot be synthesized due to structural sensitivity. In this context, a seamless reaction pathway toward 6-membered ring nitrogen-containing heterocycles is presented here, offering access to isoquinoline derivatives and related heterocycles.

Activity in Group-Housed Home Cages of Mice as a Novel Preclinical Biomarker in Oncology Studies.

Background: Improving experimental conditions in preclinical animal research is a major challenge, both scientifically and ethically. Automated digital ventilated cages (DVC) offer the advantage of continuous monitoring of animal activity in their home-cage. The potential utility of this technology remains understudied and deserves investigation in the field of oncology.

Stepwise Oxidative C-C Coupling and/or C-N Fusion of Zn(II) -Pyridin-2-ylthio-porphyrins.

The synthesis and characterization of zinc(II) -pyridin-2-ylthio-porphyrins are presented in this manuscript. The (electro)chemical oxidation of [5-(pyridin-2-ylthio)-10,20-bis(-tolyl)-15-phenylporphyrinato] zinc(II) or [5,15-bis(pyridin-2-ylthio)-10,20-bis(-tolyl)porphyrinato] zinc(II) leads to the formation of one or two C-N bond(s) by intramolecular nucleophilic attack of the peripheral thiopyridinyl fragment(s) on the neighboring β-pyrrolic position(s) (C-N fusion reaction). In addition, the chemical oxidation of [5-(pyridin-2-ylthio)-10,20-bis(-tolyl)porphyrinato] zinc(II), , bearing one free position, mainly affords the ,-dimer.

Regioselective C-H amination of free base porphyrins via electrogenerated pyridinium-porphyrins and stabilization of easily oxidized amino-porphyrins by protonation.

Four free base aminoporphyrins were synthesized in two steps via regioselective anodic nucleophilic substitution with pyridine followed by ring opening of the electrogenerated pyridinium with piperidine. The X-ray crystallographic structure of the unstable 2-aminotetraphenylporphyrin was solved. Protonation of this latter compound leads to the stable diiminium porphyrin salt.

Use of Near-infrared Spectroscopy and Implantable Doppler for Postoperative Monitoring of Free Tissue Transfer for Breast Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Failure to accurately assess the perfusion of free tissue transfer (FTT) in the early postoperative period may contribute to failure, which is a source of major patient morbidity and healthcare costs. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate and appraise current evidence for the use of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and/or implantable Doppler (ID) devices compared with conventional clinical assessment (CCA) for postoperative monitoring of FTT in reconstructive breast surgery.

Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews guidelines.

Pervasive wearable device for free tissue transfer monitoring based on advanced data analysis: clinical study report.

Free tissue transfer (FTT) surgery for breast reconstruction following mastectomy has become a routine operation with high success rates. Although failure is low, it can have a devastating impact on patient recovery, prognosis, and psychological well-being. Continuous and objective monitoring of tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) has been shown to reduce failure rates through rapid detection time of postoperative vascular complications.

Psychosocial Impact of Dysarthria: The Patient-Reported Outcome as Part of the Clinical Management.

Background: Dysarthria in neurological disorders can have psychosocial consequences. The dysarthric speaker's perspective towards the disorder's psychosocial impact is essential in its global assessment and management. For such purposes, assessment tools such as the Dysarthria Impact Profile (DIP) are indispensable.

Identification of subgroups of patients with type 2 diabetes with differences in renal function preservation, comparing patients receiving sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors with those receiving dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, using a supervised machine-learning algorithm (PROFILE study): A retrospective analysis of a Japanese commercial medical database.

Aims: To investigate the effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors vs. dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors on renal function preservation (RFP) using real-world data of patients with type 2 diabetes in Japan, and to identify which subgroups of patients obtained greater RFP benefits with SGLT2 inhibitors vs. DPP-4 inhibitors.

Oxidative C-N fusion of pyridinyl-substituted porphyrins.

The mild (electro)chemical oxidation of pyridin-2-ylthio-meso substituted Ni(ii) porphyrins affords C-N fused cationic and dicationic pyridinium-based derivatives. These porphyrins are fully characterized and the molecular structure of one of them was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. A mechanism for the intramolecular oxidative C-N coupling is proposed based on theoretical calculations and cyclic voltammetry analyses.

Quantitative survey on health and violence endured by refugees during their journey and in Calais, France.

Background: In 2015, more than 1 million refugees arrived in Europe. During their travels, refugees often face harsh conditions, violence and torture in transit countries, but there is a lack of quantitative evidence on their experiences. We present the results of a retrospective survey among refugees in the 'Jungle' of Calais, France, to document their health problems and the violence they endured during their journeys.

Diversity in host clone performance within a Chinese hamster ovary cell line.

Much effort has been expended to improve the capabilities of individual Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) host cell lines to synthesize recombinant therapeutic proteins (rPs). However, given the increasing variety in rP molecular types and formats it may be advantageous to employ a toolbox of CHO host cell lines in biomanufacturing. Such a toolbox would contain a panel of hosts with specific capabilities to synthesize certain molecular types at high volumetric concentrations and with the correct product quality (PQ).

Aggregation risk prediction for antibodies and its application to biotherapeutic development.

Aggregation is a common problem affecting biopharmaceutical development that can have a significant effect on the quality of the product, as well as the safety to patients, particularly because of the increased risk of immune reactions. Here, we describe a new high-throughput screening algorithm developed to classify antibody molecules based on their propensity to aggregate. The tool, constructed and validated on experimental aggregation data for over 500 antibodies, is able to discern molecules with a high aggregation propensity as defined by experimental criteria relevant to bioprocessing and manufacturing of these molecules.

Exploring HIV infection and susceptibility to measles among older children and adults in Malawi: a facility-based study.

Background: HIV infection increases measles susceptibility in infants, but little is known about this relationship among older children and adults. We conducted a facility-based study to explore whether HIV status and/or CD4 count were associated with either measles seroprotection and/or measles antibody concentration.

Methods: A convenience sample was recruited comprising HIV-infected patients presenting for follow-up care, and HIV-uninfected individuals presenting for HIV testing at Chiradzulu District Hospital, Malawi, from January to September 2012.

The diiodine basicity scale: toward a general halogen-bond basicity scale.

The new diiodine basicity scale pK(BI2) is quasi-orthogonal to most known Lewis basicity scales (hydrogen-bond, dative-bond and cation basicity scales). The diiodine basicity falls in the sequence N>P≈Se>S>I≈O>Br>Cl>F for the iodine-bond acceptor atomic site and SbO≈NO≈AsO>SeO>PO>SO>C=O>-O->SO(2) or PS≫-S->C=S≫N=C=S for the functionality of oxygen or sulfur bases. Substituent effects are quantified through linear free energy relationships, which allow the calculation of individual complexation constants for each site of polybases and thus the classification of aromatic ethers as carbon π bases and of aromatic amines, thioethers and selenoethers as N, S and Se bases, respectively.

An enthalpic scale of hydrogen-bond basicity. 4. Carbon pi bases, oxygen bases, and miscellaneous second-row, third-row, and fourth-row bases and a survey of the 4-fluorophenol affinity scale.

The thermodynamics of the O-H...