Reduction of topical anesthetic onset time using ultrasound: a randomized controlled trial prior to venipuncture in young children.

Background: Ultrasound treatment prior to topical anesthetic application has been shown to speed anesthesia onset by enhancing anesthetic penetration into the skin.

Objective: To evaluate a low-frequency ultrasound device to facilitate absorption of topical anesthetic in young children who require venipuncture.

Methods: This was a prospective controlled comparison of analgesic effect of a 5-minute application of liposomal lidocaine cream after ultrasound treatment, with a 30-minute application of liposomal lidocaine cream, in children aged 3 to 7 years undergoing venipuncture.

A novel needle-free powder lidocaine delivery system for rapid local analgesia.

Objective: To determine the analgesic effect and tolerability of a novel needle-free powder lidocaine delivery system in children undergoing venipuncture.

Study Design: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-center trial, 306 children age 3 to 18 years were randomized to receive a needle-free powder lidocaine delivery system or matching sham placebo at the back of the hand 2 to 3 minutes before venipuncture. Venipuncture pain was self-reported using the Wong-Baker FACES scale (in 3- to 12-year-olds) and a 100-mm visual analog scale (in 8- to 18-year-olds).

Multicultural medication adherence: a comparative study.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of several interventions on improving medication adherence among White, Black, and Hispanic older women. A total of 109 women older than age 65 who were participating in a clinical osteoporosis trial were recruited for this 12-month study examining medication adherence. After baseline medication adherence was assessed, participants underwent standardized teaching.

Comparison of the effects of calcium loading with calcium citrate or calcium carbonate on bone turnover in postmenopausal women.

Calcium supplementation is known to increase bone mineral density and decrease fractures, but the relative efficacy of different forms of calcium supplementation is not established. We compared the effects of calcium carbonate and calcium citrate on markers of bone resorption in older postmenopausal women in an open-labeled crossover study. Forty women were randomized to receive 1000 mg/day of either calcium citrate or calcium carbonate for 12 weeks, followed by a 2-week washout without calcium supplements and 12 weeks treatment with the alternate calcium supplement.

Effects of vitamin D supplementation on strength, physical function, and health perception in older, community-dwelling men.

Objectives: To study the effects of vitamin D supplementation in healthier populations of men.

Design: : Randomized, controlled trial.

Setting: General clinical research center.