Improved quality of life and psychological symptoms following mindfulness and cognitive rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis and their mediating role for cognition: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) frequently gives rise to depressive and anxiety symptoms, but these are often undertreated. This study investigated the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and cognitive rehabilitation therapy (CRT) on psychological outcomes and quality of life (QoL), and whether they mediate treatment effects on MS-related cognitive problems.

Methods: This randomized controlled trial included MS patients with cognitive complaints (n = 99) and compared MBCT (n = 32) and CRT (n = 32) to enhanced treatment as usual (n = 35).

Neurophysiological brain function predicts response to cognitive rehabilitation and mindfulness in multiple sclerosis: a randomized trial.

Background: Cognitive treatment response varies highly in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Identification of mechanisms is essential for predicting response.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether brain network function predicts response to cognitive rehabilitation therapy (CRT) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT).

Game-supported cognitive strategy training for slowed information processing speed after acquired brain injury: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Many individuals with acquired brain injury tend to experience problems with slowed information processing speed (IPS). A potentially beneficial and cost-effective supplement for cognitive rehabilitation of impaired IPS may be the implementation of serious gaming that focuses on compensatory learning as part of cognitive training. However, most digital platforms used during cognitive rehabilitation focus on restoring cognitive function and evidence for skill transfer from digital practice to everyday life is lacking.

A short add-on sleep intervention in the rehabilitation of individuals with acquired brain injury: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Sleep disturbances are common after acquired brain injury (ABI) and have a negative impact on functioning.

Objective: This study examines whether a short add-on therapy for sleep disturbances in individuals with ABI is effective in addition to rehabilitation treatment as usual.

Methods: In the randomized-controlled study, 54 adults with ABI and self-reported sleep disturbances receiving outpatient rehabilitation services were randomized in two groups: one receiving a sleep intervention (based on cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I)) in addition to their rehabilitation treatment (CBT-I + TAU group) and one receiving treatment as usual (TAU).

Learning capacity in early-stage Alzheimer's disease: The role of feedback during learning on memory performance.

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by a decline in episodic memory and executive functioning, hampering learning ability. Insight into outcome-based learning capacity may be relevant for optimizing the learning potential of these patients. To date, mixed results have been found in studies in which cognitively impaired participants have to learn based on positive and negative outcomes.

Cognitive rehabilitation and mindfulness reduce cognitive complaints in multiple sclerosis (REMIND-MS): A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Cognitive problems, both complaints and objective impairments, are frequent and disabling in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and profoundly affect daily living. However, intervention studies that focus on cognitive problems that patients experience in their daily lives are limited. This study therefore aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation therapy (CRT) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on patient-reported cognitive complaints in MS.

Pain education and pain management skills in virtual reality in the treatment of chronic low back pain: A multiple baseline single-case experimental design.

Chronic lower back pain is a major health problem and current treatments do not always lead to adequate pain control. Virtual reality (VR) is an upcoming technology that has shown to be effective in reducing acute pain. However, the value of VR in reducing chronic pain is still unknown.

Errorless and trial-and-error learning of object locations in patients with executive deficits after brain injury.

Studies investigating the efficacy of errorless learning (EL), a rehabilitation method in which the occurrence of errors during learning are eliminated, have predominantly involved patients with memory impairment. However, the most recent perspective on the underlying mechanism of EL explicitly takes executive processes into account. The aim of this study was to investigate whether EL of object locations is beneficial for memory performance compared to trial-and-error learning (TEL) in patients with acquired brain injury (ABI) experiencing executive deficits (= 15) and matched healthy controls (= 15).

Performance validity in outpatients with multiple sclerosis and cognitive complaints.

Background: Suboptimal performance during neuropsychological assessment renders cognitive test results invalid. However, suboptimal performance has rarely been investigated in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objectives: To investigate potential underlying mechanisms of suboptimal performance in MS.

Treatments for sleep disturbances in individuals with acquired brain injury: A systematic review.

Objective: To systematically review the evidence on the treatments of sleep disturbances in individuals with acquired brain injury.

Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and PsycINFO were searched from inception to January 2021.

Review Method: Eligibility criteria were (1) participants with mild to severe acquired brain injury from traumatic brain injury and stroke (⩾three months post-injury), (2) individuals aged 16 years and older, (3) participants with self-reported sleep disturbances, (4) controlled group studies and single case (experimental) studies, and (5) interventions aimed at treatment of sleep disturbances.

Neurobehavioral Initiation and Motivation Problems After Acquired Brain Injury.

Motivation is a primary and permanent source of human behavior and adaptation. Motivational deficits, along with deficiencies in initiation, frequently occur in individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI). These neurobehavioral problems are associated with consequences at the participation level: patients are reluctant to engage in rehabilitation, and their subsequent social reintegration is often at risk.

The impact of error frequency on errorless and errorful learning of object locations using a novel paradigm.

Errorless learning (EL) is an approach in which errors are eliminated or reduced as much as possible while learning of new information or skills. In contrast, during trial-and-error - or errorful - learning (TEL) errors are not reduced and are often even promoted. There is a complex and conflicting pattern of evidence whether EL or TEL may result in better memory performance.

Use of mild cognitive impairment and prodromal AD/MCI due to AD in clinical care: a European survey.

Introduction: The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) refers to cognitive impairment not meeting dementia criteria. A survey among members of the American Association of Neurology (AAN) showed that MCI was considered a useful diagnosis. Recently, research criteria have been proposed for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in MCI based on AD biomarkers (prodromal AD/MCI due to AD).

The effect of diagnostic criteria on outcome measures in preclinical and prodromal Alzheimer's disease: Implications for trial design.

Introduction: We investigated the influence of different inclusion criteria for preclinical and prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) on changes in biomarkers and cognitive markers and on trial sample size estimates.

Methods: We selected 522 cognitively normal subjects and 872 subjects with mild cognitive impairment from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study. Compared inclusion criteria were (1) preclinical or prodromal AD (amyloid marker abnormal); (2) preclinical or prodromal AD stage-1 (amyloid marker abnormal, injury marker normal); and (3) preclinical or prodromal AD stage-2 (amyloid and injury markers abnormal).

Low normal cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42 levels predict clinical progression in nondemented subjects.

We studied whether continuous lower normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid β1-42 (≥640pg/ml) levels were related with rate of clinical progression in a sample of 393 nondemented memory clinic patients. Lower normal levels were associated with faster clinical progression, and this depended on baseline cognitive status (subjective cognitive decline: hazard ratio [HR] = 0.57, p < 0.

Unbiased estimates of cerebrospinal fluid β-amyloid 1-42 cutoffs in a large memory clinic population.

Background: We sought to define a cutoff for β-amyloid 1-42 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a key marker for Alzheimer's disease (AD), with data-driven Gaussian mixture modeling in a memory clinic population.

Methods: We performed a combined cross-sectional and prospective cohort study. We selected 2462 subjects with subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, AD-type dementia, and dementia other than AD from the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort.

Transfer effects of errorless Goal Management Training on cognitive function and quality of life in brain-injured persons.

Background: Previous findings had shown that the addition of errorless learning to traditional Goal Management Training (GMT) resulted in superior results when training everyday tasks in persons with executive deficits after brain injury.

Objective: To investigate the additional effects of an errorless GMT on cognitive function and quality of life after acquired brain injury.

Methods: This is a supplementary analysis of findings from an RCT in which 67 patients with executive impairments after acquired brain injury were randomly allocated to an experimental errorless GMT (n = 33) or conventional GMT (n = 34) to train two individually chosen everyday tasks.

Do Old Errors Always Lead to New Truths? A Randomized Controlled Trial of Errorless Goal Management Training in Brain-Injured Patients.

Both errorless learning (EL) and Goal Management Training (GMT) have been shown effective cognitive rehabilitation methods aimed at optimizing the performance on everyday skills after brain injury. We examine whether a combination of EL and GMT is superior to traditional GMT for training complex daily tasks in brain-injured patients with executive dysfunction. This was an assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial conducted in 67 patients with executive impairments due to brain injury of non-progressive nature (minimal post-onset time: 3 months), referred for outpatient rehabilitation.

Moderators, Mediators, and Nonspecific Predictors of Treatment Outcome in an Intervention for Everyday Task Improvement in Persons With Executive Deficits After Brain Injury.

Objective: To identify moderators, mediators, and predictors of everyday task performance after an experimental combination of errorless learning and goal management training.

Design: Predictor analysis of a randomized controlled intervention trial.

Setting: Outpatient rehabilitation centers.

Reliability of an Adapted Version of the Modified Six Elements Test as a Measure of Executive Function.

The Modified Six Elements Test (MSET) is used to examine executive deficits-more specifically, planning deficits. This study investigates the reliability of an adapted version of the MSET and proposes a novel scoring method. Two parallel versions of the adapted MSET were administered in 60 healthy participants in a counterbalanced order.

Validity of an adapted scoring method for a Modified Six Elements Test in individuals with brain injury.

The Modified Six Elements Test (MSET) assesses several executive functions. We examined whether an adapted scoring method is appropriate for discriminating between brain-injured persons with and without executive deficits. A MSET was administered to 70 participants with acquired brain injury in the chronic phase.

Temporal evolution of biomarkers and cognitive markers in the asymptomatic, MCI, and dementia stage of Alzheimer's disease.

Background: We investigated the pattern of disease progression in the asymptomatic, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: We selected 284 subjects with AD pathology, defined as abnormal levels of amyloid beta 1-42 (Aβ1-42) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Disease outcome measures included six biomarkers and five cognitive markers.

Impairment of cognitive functioning during Sunitinib or Sorafenib treatment in cancer patients: a cross sectional study.

Background: Impairment of cognitive functioning has been reported in several studies in patients treated with chemotherapy. So far, no studies have been published on the effects of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors on cognitive functioning. We investigated the objective and subjective cognitive function of patients during treatment with VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR TKI).