In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils from , , , and Their Blend Against Necrotoxigenic (NTEC), Enteropathogenic (EPEC), and Shiga-Toxin Producing (STEC) Isolates.

Enteropathogenic (EPEC), necrotoxigenic (NTEC), and Shiga-toxin producing (STEC) are pathotypes responsible for severe clinical forms in humans and animals. They can be shed in the feces of animals with consequent environmental contamination. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of essential oils (EOs) from oregano (, savory , thyme (, and their blend against EPEC, NTEC, and STEC strains previously isolated from avian fecal samples.

Survey on the Occurrence of Zoonotic Bacterial Pathogens in the Feces of Wolves () Collected in a Protected Area in Central Italy.

Previous investigations have explored the involvement of wolves in parasitic and viral diseases, but data on the zoonotic bacteria are limited. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of bacterial zoonotic agents in 16 wolf () fecal samples collected in a protected area in Central Italy. spp.

Nasal Carriage of Antimicrobial-Resistant Staphylococci by Fallow Deer () Taken in a Natural Park of Tuscany, Central Italy.

Wild animals are recognized as significant reservoirs for various zoonotic pathogens, including antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the presence of spp. strains in fallow deer () inhabiting a natural preserve in Central Italy and to examine the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance and the presence of some virulence genes among the isolates.

Antimicrobial Resistance and Pathotypes of Isolates from Yellow-Legged Seagulls () in Central Italy.

Seagulls are synanthropic wild birds that can contaminate, through their droppings, beaches, urban and peri-urban environments. This concern is more serious when seagulls eliminate antimicrobial-resistant pathogenic bacteria. This study analyzed the fecal samples from 137 yellow-legged seagulls () from Central Italy.

Molecular Survey on the Occurrence of Tick-Borne Bacteria in Wild Birds from Central Italy.

Birds are known to be carriers of ticks infected by tick-borne pathogens, including bacteria. However, not many studies have been carried out on avian tissues to detect these agents. The aim of the present survey was to investigate, using PCR, the presence of , spp.

Occurrence of Antimicrobial-Resistant spp. in Healthy Chickens Never Exposed to Antimicrobial Agents in Central Italy.

Enterococci are part of the natural flora of the gastrointestinal tract of mammals, including humans, birds and invertebrates. They can cause infection, mainly among hospitalized patients, as well as acquire and transfer antimicrobial resistance genes. The present study allowed the isolation of 98 (73.

Isolation and characterization of novel Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage Hesat from dairy origin.

A novel temperate phage, named Hesat, was isolated by the incubation of a dairy strain of Staphylococcus aureus belonging to spa-type t127 with either bovine or ovine milk. Hesat represents a new species of temperate phage within the Phietavirus genus of the Azeredovirinae subfamily. Its genome has a length of 43,129 bp and a GC content of 35.

Antibacterial activity in egg samples from small-spotted catshark Scyliorhinus canicula and nursehound Scyliorhinus stellaris: A preliminary investigation.

The study aims to identify antibacterial properties in unfertilized eggs of Scyliorhinus canicula and Scyliorhinus stellaris. Despite challenging marine conditions, these eggs retain their integrity for extended periods and remain unaffected by pathogens. The antibacterial activity was measured using minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentration analysis.

Feline Parvovirus Lethal Outbreak in a Group of Adult Cohabiting Domestic Cats.

Feline panleukopenia is a highly contagious and often fatal disease in cats. The virus, known as feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), primarily affects kittens and unvaccinated cats. It is transmitted through contact with infected cats or their bodily fluids, as well as contaminated objects and environments.

Antimicrobial Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Carried by House Flies () Captured in Swine and Poultry Farms.

House flies () are very diffuse insects attracted by biological materials. They are abundantly present in farm environments and can frequently come in contact with animals, feed, manure, waste, surfaces, and fomites; consequently, these insects could be contaminated, carry, and disperse several microorganisms. The aim of this work was to evaluate the presence of antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci in house flies collected in poultry and swine farms.

Colistin Resistance Genes in Broiler Chickens in Tunisia.

Colistin is a polymyxin antibiotic that has been used in veterinary medicine for decades, as a treatment for enterobacterial digestive infections as well as a prophylactic treatment and growth promoter in livestock animals, leading to the emergence and spread of colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria and to a great public health concern, considering that colistin is one of the last-resort antibiotics against multidrug-resistant deadly infections in clinical practice. Previous studies performed on livestock animals in Tunisia using culture-dependent methods highlighted the presence of colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. In the present survey, DNA extracted from cloacal swabs from 195 broiler chickens from six farms in Tunisia was tested via molecular methods for the ten mobilized colistin resistance () genes known so far.

House Flies () from Swine and Poultry Farms Carrying Antimicrobial Resistant Enterobacteriaceae and .

The house fly () is a very common insect, abundantly present in farm settings. These insects are attracted by organic substrates and can easily be contaminated by several pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria. The aim of this survey was to evaluate the presence of spp.

In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of , , and Their Mixture against Clinical Isolates Responsible for Canine Otitis Externa.

Otitis externa is a frequent inflammation among dogs, mainly caused by bacteria and yeasts that are often resistant to conventional drugs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of commercial essential oils (EOs) from Origanum vulgare, Satureja montana, and Thymus vulgaris, as well as a mixture of these three components, against 47 clinical bacterial strains (Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp.

Tetracycline Resistance Genes in Wild Birds from a Wildlife Recovery Centre in Central Italy.

Wild animals are less likely to be exposed directly to clinical antimicrobial agents than domestic animals or humans, but they can acquire antimicrobial-resistant bacteria through contact with humans, animals, and the environment. In the present study, 254 dead free-living birds belonging to 23 bird species were examined by PCR for the presence of tetracycline resistance () genes. A fragment of the spleen was collected from each bird carcass.

Retrospective Molecular Survey on Bacterial and Protozoan Abortive Agents in Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) from Central Italy.

Bacterial and protozoan agents can determine abortion and other reproductive disorders in domestic ruminants, but data regarding their occurrence in wild ruminants are scanty worldwide, including in Italy. The aim of this retrospective study was to verify the occurrence of the main bacterial and protozoan abortive agents in 72 spleen samples previously collected from roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) living in mountain areas of Central Italy. All samples were collected and submitted to DNA extraction for other investigations.

Occurrence of Bacterial and Protozoan Pathogens in Red Foxes () in Central Italy.

Most surveys of pathogens in red foxes () have focused on particular agents. The aim of this study was to verify, with bacteriological and molecular analyses, the occurrence of the main bacterial and protozoan pathogens that are able to infect canids, in red foxes regularly hunted in Central Italy. Spleen, brain, kidney and fecal samples from red foxes were submitted to bacteriological and/or molecular analyses to detect spp.

Editorial for the Special Issue: Colistin Resistance-The Need for a One Health Approach.

Colistin is an "old" antimicrobial belonging to the class of polymyxins, initially discovered in 1947 [...

Virulence Genes of Pathogenic in Wild Red Foxes ().

Different pathotypes of can cause severe diseases in animals and humans. Wildlife may contribute to the circulation of pathogenic pathotypes, including enteropathogenic (EPEC), Shiga toxin-producing (STEC), and enterohemorrhagic (EHEC). This study analyzed 109 DNA samples previously extracted from fecal specimens collected from red foxes () to detect virulence genes , , , and , that characterize the EPEC, STEC, and EHEC strains.

Antimicrobial-Resistant spp. in Wild Avifauna from Central Italy.

Bacteria of the genus are opportunistic pathogens, part of the normal intestinal microflora of animals, able to acquire and transfer antimicrobial resistance genes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible role of wild avifauna as a source of antimicrobial-resistant enterococci. To assess this purpose, 103 spp.

Molecular survey on the presence of arthropod-borne bacteria and protozoans in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and ticks from Central Italy.

Environmental changes, due to climatic emergency and to anthropogenic activities severely impact on the epidemiology of vector borne diseases, mostly when transmitted by ticks. The data about the distribution of microorganisms responsible for them in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) population living in Italy are scanty and completely lacking in Tuscany, so a molecular survey was carried out to estimate the prevalence of some zoonotic tick-borne pathogens in roe deer, and ticks removed from them, living in areas of Central Italy with high risk of arthropod exposure. Spleen samples from 72 roe deer were tested by PCR for Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi s.

Identification of candidate genes associated with bacterial and viral infections in wild boars hunted in Tuscany (Italy).

Wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) is one of the large mammals most spread worldwide, highly adaptable, and its population rapidly increased in many areas in Europe, including Italy, where Tuscany is considered particularly suitable for wild boar. Wild boars are potential hosts for different etiological agents, such as Brucella spp.

Low Level of Colistin Resistance and Genes Presence in spp.: Evaluation of Isolates Collected between 2000 and 2020 from Animals and Environment.

Salmonellosis is one of the most important zoonoses in Europe and the world. Human infection may evolve in severe clinical diseases, with the need for hospitalization and antimicrobial treatment. Colistin is now considered an important antimicrobial to treat infections from multidrug- resistant Gram-negative bacteria, but the spreading of mobile colistin-resistance () genes has limited this option.

Molecular Detection of in Wild Birds in Central Italy.

(APVs) are important pathogens of both domestic and wild birds. The associated disease is characterized by skin proliferative lesions in the cutaneous form or by lesions of the first digestive and respiratory tracts in the diphtheritic form. Previous studies investigated these infections in symptomatic wild birds worldwide, including Italy, but data about the circulation of APVs in healthy avian wildlife are not available.

Tear Production, Intraocular Pressure, Ultrasound Biometric Features and Conjunctival Flora Identification in Clinically Normal Eyes of Two Italian Breeds of Chicken ().

Given the abundance of chickens in Italy, it is important for veterinarians to know the normal state of chickens' eyes in order to identify any ophthalmic pathological changes. The aim of this study was to determine the normal values of select ocular parameters and to evaluate conjunctival microflora in two Italian chicken breeds. Sixty-six healthy chickens underwent a complete ophthalmic examination, which included a phenol red thread test (PRTT) for the evaluation of tear production and the assessment of intraocular pressure by rebound tonometry.