New technology for the investigation of water vapor sorption-induced crystallographic form transformations of chemical compounds: a water vapor sorption gravimetry-dispersive Raman spectroscopy coupling.

In this study, a new dynamic water vapor sorption gravimetry (DWVSG)-Raman spectroscopy coupled system is presented and described for the investigation of water (de)sorption-induced solid-phase transition of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The innovative characteristic of the system is the possibility to measure up to 23 samples gravimetrically and spectroscopically in one sorption/desorption experiment. The used dispersive RXN1 Raman system with a 6-mm laser spot P(h) AT probe head is ideal for this kind of coupled technology, as the energy density at the point of measurement of the sample is low, which grants that gravimetrical data and the state of the sample (phase transformations or even degradation) are not influenced by the laser beam.

A familial case of popliteal pterygium syndrome.

Popliteal pterygium syndrome (PPS) is a rare malformation disorder characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance, highly variable expressivity and incomplete penetrance. The disorder is caused by the mutation of the IRF6 gene and the respective protein, which belongs to a family of nine transcription factors and is involved in the differentiation and proliferation of keratinocytes. Mutations in the IRF6 gene give rise to popliteal pterygium syndrome, Van Der Woude syndrome and nonsyndromic orofacial clefts.

Mandibular distraction of the body and ramus.

With the ever increasing interest in the field of osteodistraction techniques, the mandible is certainly the most studied anatomical site, both experimentally and clinically. Currently, the methods of mandibular distraction can be classified by position (intra- or extraoral), by the direction of distraction and by the site of application (toothborn, boneborn or hybrid fixation). To guarantee good results from the osteodistraction procedure, it is fundamental to have an accurate preoperative plan considering the correct classification and evaluation of the patient combined with a valid project regarding the direction of the distraction vector.

Osteodistraction in the craniofacial region.

In the specific field of maxillofacial surgery, the use of osseous distraction is always more and more helpful not only in the rehabilitation of malformation pathologies, but also in the clinical situations that require bone deficit correction resulting from traumatic events and postsurgical effects, for example oncologic surgery. The reason for this versatility in the distraction protocols is, undoubtedly, due to the fact that, at present, they are valid surgical methods in alternative to or supporting maxillofacial surgery, since they are feasible from a very early age and they obtain a level of distraction that is often higher than with orthopedic devices or conventional surgery. There are multiple indications for osteodistraction and they range from cases of hyper- or hypodevelopment of the maxilla and mandible, of both their anteroposterior and transverse components, to complex syndromes such as cleft lip and palate.

A customized distraction device for alveolar ridge augmentation and alignment of ankylosed teeth.

The purpose of this study was to develop an extraosseous, tooth-supported miniature intraoral device that could produce prosthetically driven bone distraction of small atrophic alveolar ridge segments. Extraosseous distraction requires that the distraction device be anchored to a dental implant previously placed into the ridge according to its anatomic axis. A distractor can also correct the position of implants placed in young patients before skeletal growth is completed.

[Functional therapy of Class II Division 1. Comparison of three activators: Andresen, Fränkel and Teuscher].

Background: A comparative study is reported about the efficiency of three activators (Andresen, Fränkel and Teuscher) in the treatment of Class II Division 1 malocclusions in a group of patients with different facial types.

Methods: A group of 20 patients in mixed dentition has been selected. The subjects were between 8 and 14 years old, provided with a complete radiographic documentation, treated in the Odontological Clinic of the University of Verona for a period no longer than 24 months.

Structural dentofacial variations in maxilla expansion.

Background: The control of vertical dimension is important in those subjects who need a correction of the maxillary transversal diameters, in order to project a correct therapeutical plan and not to make worse an eventual contemporary long-face. This research intends to consider the vertical dimension changes of the cranio-facial middle third caused by palatal expansion, in relation to technique and patient's age.

Methods: We have compared orthodontic-orthopedic expansion both with elastic appliances ("w" expansion palatal arch), stiff ones (Hyrax-type appliance) and surgically assisted expansion which combines the action of Hyrax-type appliance with a bilateral corticotomy of zygomatic buttress.

[Position of the upper incisor after orthodontic therapy with Tweed philosophy and mechanics: statistical study of average incisal variations in 3 Angle dento-skeletal classes, with and without extraction].

The skeletal characteristics of dento-alveolar malocclusions condition the orthodontic therapy plane and produce typical and recurrent variables in the final shape in "Tweed occlusion". The study effects with templates made out of cephalometric average values of treatment in the different dental malocclusions, shows direction and amount of therapeutics correction. The behaviour of upper and lower incisors to achieve the normal occlusion is in relation with the characteristics of Angle's Class and with the necessity of therapeutics dental extractions.

[Gnathologic-orthodontic protocol for Class II, division 1 with TMJ dysfunction].

The Authors present a case of Class II Division I malocclusion associated with TMJ dysfunction and treated with a gnathologic-orthodontic approach. The protocol involves five steps: extraction of third molars because not useful in the orthodontic treatment, placement of a edgewise appliance following the Tweed technique, use of a neuromuscular deprogramming appliance, an orthopedic appliance associated with physiotherapy.

[The diagnosis and treatment of traumatic root fractures of the coronal third in the mature permanent anterior teeth].

Diagnostic and treatment implications of traumatic root fractures in the coronal third of permanent anterior teeth are reported. A review of the literature imposes a reevaluation of the treatment of these fractures. The teeth with root fractures should not be extracted and endodontic therapy should not be performed unless there is evidence of a pulp necrosis.

[Clinico-therapeutic considerations in a serious case of amelogenesis imperfecta].

The Authors present a case of a young female patient affected with a serious hypoplasic form of Amelogenesis Imperfecta, involving all the teeth which has been completely restabilished using composite resin. The therapy used has been developed thanks to the chemical-physical qualities of last generation of composites, which allow the compete reconstruction of teeth. Such a therapy has not to be considered definitive, however it has been used as a temporary solution, waiting for final prosthetic rehabilitation.

[Orthodontic-surgical treatment. Functional rehabilitation phase].

The functional rehabilitation after orthodontical surgery, has a determinant role in achieving therapeutical aims. Author describes the principal rehabilitating active ways after orthodontical surgery to obtain an exact procedure of disgnatic problems. In the article, post surgical rehabilitation problems are explained and there is a description of maintenance appliances.