PET Imaging in Bladder Cancer: An Update and Future Direction.

Molecular imaging with positron emission tomography is a powerful tool in bladder cancer management. In this review, we aim to address the current place of the PET imaging in bladder cancer care and offer perspectives on potential future radiopharmaceutical and technological advancements. A special focus is given to the following: the role of [F] 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography in the clinical management of bladder cancer patients, especially for staging and follow-up; treatment guided by [F]FDG PET/CT; the role of [F]FDG PET/MRI, the other PET radiopharmaceuticals beyond [F]FDG, such as [Ga]- or [F]-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor; and the application of artificial intelligence.

A machine-learning-based combination of criteria to detect bladder cancer lymph node metastasis on [F]FDG PET/CT: a pathology-controlled study.

Objectives: Initial pelvic lymph node (LN) staging is pivotal for treatment planification in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), but [F]FDG PET/CT provides insufficient and variable diagnostic performance. We aimed to develop and validate a machine-learning-based combination of criteria on [F]FDG PET/CT to accurately identify pelvic LN involvement in bladder cancer patients.

Methods: Consecutive patients with localized MIBC who performed preoperative [F]FDG PET/CT between 2010 and 2017 were retrospectively assigned to training (n = 129) and validation (n = 44) sets.

Role of Positron Emission Tomography in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma.

The incidence of primary central nervous system lymphoma has increased over the past two decades in immunocompetent patients and the prognosis remains poor. A diagnosis and complete evaluation of the patient is needed without delay, but histologic evaluation is not always available and PCNSL can mimic a variety of brain lesions on MRI. In this article, we review the potential role of F-FDG PET for the diagnosis of PCNSL in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients.

Delayed [ 18 F]-FDG PET Imaging Increases Diagnostic Performance and Reproducibility to Differentiate Recurrence of Brain Metastases From Radionecrosis.

Purpose: Differentiating brain metastasis recurrence from radiation necrosis can be challenging during MRI follow-up after stereotactic radiotherapy. [ 18 F]-FDG is the most available PET tracer, but standard images performed 30 to 60 minutes postinjection provide insufficient accuracy. We compared the diagnostic performance and interobserver agreement of [ 18 F]-FDG PET with delayed images (4-5 hours postinjection) with the ones provided by standard and dual-time-point imaging.

What Does PET Imaging Bring to Neuro-Oncology in 2022? A Review.

PET imaging is being increasingly used to supplement MRI in the clinical management of brain tumors. The main radiotracers implemented in clinical practice include [F]FDG, radiolabeled amino acids ([C]MET, [F]FDOPA, [F]FET) and [Ga]Ga-DOTA-SSTR, targeting glucose metabolism, L-amino-acid transport and somatostatin receptors expression, respectively. This review aims at addressing the current place and perspectives of brain PET imaging for patients who suffer from primary or secondary brain tumors, at diagnosis and during follow-up.

Hybrid [F]-F-DOPA PET/MRI Interpretation Criteria and Scores for Glioma Follow-up After Radiotherapy.

Objective: F‑fluoro-L‑3,4‑dihydroxyphenylalanine positron emission tomography (F‑DOPA PET) is used in glioma follow-up after radiotherapy to discriminate treatment-related changes (TRC) from tumor progression (TP). We compared the performances of a combined PET and MRI analysis with F‑DOPA current standard of interpretation.

Methods: We included 76 consecutive patients showing at least one gadolinium-enhanced lesion on the T1‑w MRI sequence (T1G).

Simultaneously acquired PET and ASL imaging biomarkers may be helpful in differentiating progression from pseudo-progression in treated gliomas.

Objectives: The aim of this work was investigating the methods based on coupling cerebral perfusion (ASL) and amino acid metabolism ([F]DOPA-PET) measurements to evaluate the diagnostic performance of PET/MRI in glioma follow-up.

Methods: Images were acquired using a 3-T PET/MR system, on a prospective cohort of patients addressed for possible glioma progression. Data were preprocessed with statistical parametric mapping (SPM), including registration on T1-weighted images, spatial and intensity normalization, and tumor segmentation.

Can FDG-PET/MR help to overcome limitations of sequential MRI and PET-FDG for differential diagnosis between recurrence/progression and radionecrosis of high-grade gliomas?

The aim of our study was assessing the potential of FDG-PET-MRI to overcome limitations of separately performed MRI and PET-FDG and improving the performance of high-grade gliomas evaluation. Combined PET-MRI analysis allowed differentiating between recurrence/progression and radionecrosis with improved diagnostic accuracy (95% vs 63% for PET and 82% for MRI). FDG being a reliable, cost-saving tracer in this indication, combined FDG PET-MRI analysis could play a significant role in the follow-up of high-grade brain tumors.

Use of FDG-PET/CT for systemic assessment of suspected primary central nervous system lymphoma: a LOC study.

Introduction: Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare disease with different therapeutic implications than systemic lymphoma. In this study, we evaluated whole-body FDG-PET/CT for pre-chemotherapy imaging of suspected PCNSL.

Methods: One hundred and thirty consecutive immunocompetent patients were retrospectively included.

18F-FDOPA PET/CT Findings in a Patient With Primary Cerebral Amyloidoma.

Amino acid PET, including F-FDOPA, is recommended for initial characterization, delineation of tumor extent, and follow-up of gliomas because of its high diagnostic performances. F-FDOPA accumulates inside tumor cells via the L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) whose expression is increased in gliomas. We report here a case of a histopathologically proven brain amyloidoma that was first addressed for a suspected glioma.

Dose Reduction in Brain [F]FDG PET/MRI: Give It Half a Chance.

Purpose: Integrated positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers promising tools for evaluating brain disorders, including the minimization of exposure to ionizing radiation. Considering the length of scanning time with PET/MRI systems and their high sensitivity, we assumed that the activity could be reduced by one half compared with recommended activity for brain 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose ([F]FDG) PET exams without degrading image quality.

Procedures: We retrospectively simulated the reduction of injected activity (1 vs.

Physiological Whole-Brain Distribution of [F]FDOPA Uptake Index in Relation to Age and Gender: Results from a Voxel-Based Semi-quantitative Analysis.

Purpose: 6-[F]fluoro-L-DOPA ([F]FDOPA), a positron emission tomography (PET) amino-acid tracer of brain decarboxylase activity, is used to assess the brain dopaminergic system. Using a voxel-based semi-quantitative analysis, this study aimed to determine whether a current brain uptake index of [F]FDOPA, expressed relative to the occipital background level, varies according to age and gender.

Procedures: One hundred and seventy-seven subjects were retrospectively included.

Prognostic value of one millisievert exercise myocardial perfusion imaging in patients without known coronary artery disease.

Unlabelled: The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of normal ultra-low-dose exercise MPI with a CZT camera.

Methods: 1901 consecutive patients without known CAD referred for exercise MPI with 1.8 MBq/kg (0.

Accurate determination of ¹²⁹I concentrations and ¹²⁹I/¹³⁷Cs ratios in spent nuclear resins by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry.

Determining long-lived radionuclide concentrations in radioactive waste has fundamental implications for the long-term management of storage sites. This paper focuses on the measurement of low (129)I contents in ion exchange resins used for primary fluid purification in Pressurised Water Reactors (PWR). Iodine-129 concentrations were successfully determined using Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) following a chemical procedure which included (1) acid digestion of resin samples in HNO3/HClO4, (2) radioactive decontamination by selective iodine extraction using a new chromatographic resin (CL Resin), and (3) AgI precipitation.

Accurate determination of ⁴¹Ca concentrations in spent resins from the nuclear industry by accelerator mass spectrometry.

The radiological characterisation of nuclear waste is essential for managing storage sites. Determining the concentration of Long-Lived RadioNuclides (LLRN) is fundamental for their long-term management. This paper focuses on the measurement of low (41)Ca concentrations in ions exchange resins used for primary fluid purification in Pressurised Water Reactors (PWR).

[Fever and cancer: components of diagnosis for optimal management].

Fever is defined as a body temperature above 37.8°C in the absence of antipyretic drug. It is a frequent and potentially severe event and its interpretation can be difficult in patients with solid tumors.

[Pulmonary involvement of Bourneville's tuberous sclerosis. The value of early detection. A familial form].

Pulmonary disease is very rare during the course of tuberous sclerosis of Bourneville (STB). The authors report two cases of STB with pulmonary involvement occurring in the same family, mother and daughter. Both presented with typical cutaneous manifestations of the disease and bilateral renal angiomyolipomas.

[Primary ulcerations of the small intestine].

The authors report a recent case of primary ulceration of the small intestine revealed by spontaneous perforation. This is a rare condition with a non specific semiology which only exceptionally permits diagnosis before complications occur. The latter are dominated by perforation, gastrointestinal hemorrhage and a sub-acute obstructive syndrome.