The role of epicardial echocardiography in the measurement of transvalvular flow velocities during aortic valve replacement.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare transvalvular flow velocities obtained by transesophageal echocardiography and epicardial echocardiography (EE) during aortic valve replacement (AVR).

Design: Prospective observational study.

Setting: University hospital.

Cardiac output monitoring using a brachial arterial catheter during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.

Objective: To investigate the accuracy of cardiac output measurements by transpulmonary thermodilution and pulse contour analysis using a brachial arterial catheter.

Study Design: Criterion standard study.

Setting: University hospital, single institution.