Multidimensional Demographic Analyses of COVID-19 Vaccine Inequality in the United States: A Systematic Review.

Background: COVID-19 vaccination uptake is associated with demographic characteristics such as age, sex, and ethnicity-race in the United States (U.S.).

COVID-19 vaccine uptake inequality among older adults: A multidimensional demographic analysis.

Background: Age, race, ethnicity, and sex are important determinants of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. Older adults (65 years and older) are at the highest risk of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Analyzing their vaccine uptake by subclassifying demographics is rare and can assist vaccination policies.

Environment driven changes in type 2 diabetes, overweight and obesity in an isolated Mixe community in the Valley of Oaxaca, southern Mexico.

Background: This study focused on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a group of adult Mixe, an Indigenous population from Oaxaca, Mexico. Mixe comprised an estimated 9.4% (n ≅ 90 000) of the Indigenous population in Oaxaca.

The variation in preventable hospitalization in patients with type 2 diabetes in Kentucky before and after the Medicaid expansion.

Background: Hospitalizations are more resource intensive and expensive than outpatient care. Therefore, type 2 diabetes-related preventable hospitalization are a major topic of research efficiency in the healthcare system.

Objectives: Analyze county level variation in type 2 diabetes-related preventable hospitalization rates in Kentucky before the Medicaid expansion (2010-2013) and after the Medicaid expansion (2014-2017).

Association between uncontrolled diabetes and periodontal disease in US adults: NHANES 2009-2014.

This study examined the relationship between uncontrolled diabetes and periodontal disease (PD) among adults in the United States. We used data from the 2009-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) with a sample of 6108 adults ages 30 and over. To measure PD status, we used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology's standards.

Cadmium exposure is associated with chronic kidney disease in a superfund site lead smelter community in Dallas, Texas.

The study was conducted in a Dallas lead smelter community following an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Superfund Cleanup project. Lead smelters operated in the Dallas community since the mid-1930s. To test the hypothesis that cadmium (Cd) exposure is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) ≥ stage 3.

COVID-19 infection and mortality among non-pregnant indigenous adults in Mexico 2020-2022: Impact of marginalisation.

Background: Indigenous individuals have higher rates of mortality and poverty in Mexico and more than half are marginalised, and COVID-19 pandemic aggravated the existing burden of health disparities. We aimed to analyse the effects of being indigenous and marginalised on coronavirus (COVID-19) infection fatality in Mexico.

Methods: We identified 3 424 690 non-pregnant, COVID-19 positive adults ≥19 years in the Mexico national COVID-19 database with known date of symptom.

Residence in urban or rural counties in relation to opioid overdose mortality among Kentucky hospitalizations before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: At the beginning of the opioid overdose epidemic, overdose mortality rates were higher in urban than in rural areas. We examined the association between residence in an urban or rural county and subsequent opioid overdose mortality in Kentucky, a state highly impacted by the opioid epidemic, and whether this was modified by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: We captured hospitalizations in Kentucky from 2016 to 2020, involving an opioid using ICD-10-CM codes T40.

Tooth loss and uncontrolled diabetes among US adults.

Background: The objective of this study was to analyze the association between tooth loss and uncontrolled diabetes among US adults.

Methods: The authors used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2011 through 2018. The sample included 16,635 participants 20 years and older who represent 187,596,215 people in the United States in a probability weighted sample.

Oral health-related quality of life in US adults with type 2 diabetes.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to analyze factors associated with oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nondiabetic US adults.

Methods: The study sample included 2945 participants (aged ≥20) selected from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004 that represented 130,689,262 million persons in a probability weighted sample. Oral health outcomes were measured by the NHANES version of Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) for OHRQoL and summarized as additive scores (OHIP-ADD) and as prevalence of negative impacts (OHIP-SC).

Prevalence of unmasked and improperly masked behavior in indoor public areas during the COVID-19 pandemic: Analysis of a stratified random sample from Louisville, Kentucky.

Wearing a facial mask can limit COVID-19 transmission. Measurements of communities' mask use behavior have mostly relied on self-report. This study's objective was to devise a method to measure the prevalence of improper mask use and no mask use in indoor public areas without relying on self-report.

Weather and COVID-19 Deaths During the Stay-at-Home Order in the United States.

Objective: To estimate the association between weather and COVID-19 fatality rates during US stay-at-home orders.

Methods: With a county-level longitudinal design, this study analyzed COVID-19 deaths from public health departments' daily reports and considered exposure as the 18 to 22 day-period before death. Models included state-level social distancing measures, Census Bureau demographics, daily weather information, and daily air pollution.

County-level demographic, social, economic, and lifestyle correlates of COVID-19 infection and death trajectories during the first wave of the pandemic in the United States.

Background: The US COVID-19 epidemic impacted counties differently across space and time, though large-scale transmission dynamics are unclear. The study's objective was to group counties with similar trajectories of COVID-19 cases and deaths and identify county-level correlates of the distinct trajectory groups.

Methods: Daily COVID-19 cases and deaths were obtained from 3141 US counties from January through June 2020.

Magnesium dietary intake and physical activity in Type 2 diabetes by gender in White, African-American and Mexican American: NHANES 2011-2014.

Aims: To analyse the causal relationships of nutrition intake and physical activity on haemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) stratified by gender and ethnicity.

Materials And Methods: An historical cohort of patients with diagnosed T2DM (n = 2831) was extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014 public database, including but not limited to, measurements of physical activity, nutrition, body mass index (BMI) and HbA1c. Multivariate analyses and path analyses were employed to estimate the regression coefficients and path coefficients () of causal path models of physical activity and nutrition intake on HbA1c stratified by gender and three ethnicity groups (ie non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black and Mexican American).

Short-term fetal nutritional stress and long-term health: Child height.

Objective: This study examined the impact of in utero exposure to Ramadan, the Islamic fasting month, by trimester on height at ages 0 to 18 for a sample of children from Tehran, Iran. If exposure to Ramadan is associated with significant nutritional stress to the fetus, the fetus's adaptive responses to nutritional insufficiency could manifest as changes in height during childhood, long before any effects on aging or disease risk at older ages.

Methods: Children who were exposed and not exposed to Ramadan in utero were compared to identify any systematic difference between their parents' and households' characteristics (including height, age, education, and indicators of wealth).

Hepatitis A Outbreaks Associated With the Opioid Epidemic in Kentucky Counties, 2017-2018.

To describe county-level socioeconomic profiles associated with Kentucky's 2017-2018 hepatitis A outbreak that predominately affected communities affected by the opioid epidemic. We linked county-level characteristics on socioeconomic and housing variables to counties' hepatitis A rates. Principal component analysis identified county profiles of poverty, education, disability, income inequality, grandparent responsibility, residential instability, and marital status.

Cadmium Is Associated with Type 2 Diabetes in a Superfund Site Lead Smelter Community in Dallas, Texas.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that cadmium (Cd) exposure is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Materials And Methods: A two-phase health screening (physical examination and laboratory tests) was conducted in a lead smelter community following a Superfund Cleanup. Participants were African Americans aged >19 years to <89 years.

Statins are associated with new onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Medicare patients ≥65 years.

Background: To evaluate the association of statins and co-morbidities with new onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients 65 years and older.

Methods: This retrospective study used de-identified administrative healthcare claims and enrolment data from a Medicare Advantage Prescription Drug (MAPD) health plan offered by a large multistate healthcare company. The plan covered >2.

Do mating preferences remain the same when phenotypes change? Assortative mating for physical characteristics in an indigenous community in the valley of Oaxaca, southern Mexico.

To test the hypothesis that assortative mating for physical characteristics differs before and after major secular increases in height in an indigenous community in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico. Spouse pairs were identified in household and anthropometric surveys of a Zapotec-speaking community in 1978 (n = 68-70 pairs) and 2000 (n = 99-100 pairs). Height, weight, arm circumference, triceps skinfold and grip strength were measured.

Thinness, overweight, and obesity in indigenous school children and youth in Mexico.

The prevalence of overweight (OWT) and obesity (OB), defined by the body mass index (BMI, kg/m) among children and youth has increased worldwide in the last 30-40 years. To evaluate the weight status, defined by the BMI, of indigenous school children and youth resident in different regions of Mexico Students 6-18 years (31,448 boys, 27,306 girls) were enrolled in bilingual schools for indigenous children and youth in Mexico in 2012. Height and weight were measured; the BMI was calculated.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) "Remission" in Non-bariatric Patients 65 Years and Older.

To analyze the factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) "remission" in non-bariatric Medicare patients 65 years and older. A retrospective cohort analysis of a Medicare Advantage health plan was conducted using administrative data. An individual was identified as T2DM if the individual had: ≥ 2 medical claims for T2DM coded 250.

Chronic Environmental and Occupational Lead Exposure and Kidney Function among African Americans: Dallas Lead Project II.

We examined the effects of lead on kidney function in occupationally and environmentally exposed adults from a Dallas lead smelter community that was the site of an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Superfund clean-up. All subjects were African Americans-a racial group that bears a disproportionate burden of kidney disease. : A two-phase health screening was conducted.

Blood lead levels, pulmonary function and agility in Polish schoolchildren.

Background: Reduced vital capacity (VC) and forced vital capacity (FVC) are associated with lead (Pb) exposure.

Aim: The objective of this study is to analyse the effects of Pb on FVC and the shuttle run performance.

Subjects And Methods: Data were available for 184 male and 189 female Polish schoolchildren aged 10-15 years.

Association between arterial access site and anticoagulation strategy on major bleeding and mortality: A historical cohort analysis in the Veteran population.

Background: Studies have shown reduction in major bleeding with trans-radial intervention (TRI) compared with trans-femoral intervention (TFI), and with use of bivalirudin compared with heparin+glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (GPI). We compared major bleeding, mortality and the interaction between arterial access site and the anticoagulant used for PCI in Veterans.

Methods: A retrospective cohort of 1192 consecutive patients who underwent PCI at a VA hospital between 2006 and 2012 was divided into TFI-heparin (n=192), TFI-bivalirudin (n=272), TRI-heparin (n=274) and TRI-bivalirudin (n=454) groups.