[Medico-social aspects of cerebro-cranial traumas in the city of Aden, Republic Yemen].

The article is devoted to an important problem that has not only medical but also social significance--clinical and epidemiological aspects of head trauma. These studies were not performed in the Republic of Yemen, but they would allow organization of rationally planned medical care system, improvement of quality, reduced disability and mortality due to traumatic brain injury.

Restoration of vision after optic nerve lesions with noninvasive transorbital alternating current stimulation: a clinical observational study.

Background: Non-invasive current stimulation can induce neuroplastic changes in the normal brain, including visual system structures. Because it is not known if such plasticity is of clinical value, we wished to learn if vision restoration can be induced after optic nerve damage.

Methods: In an open-label, clinical observational study 446 patients with optic nerve lesions were treated with non-invasive repetitive transorbital alternating current stimulation (rtACS).

[The state and dynamics of craniocerebral traumatism in the Kamchatka Territory].

Cranio-cerebral traumatism occupies the first place among the causes of lethal outcomes and invalidism of the population and is a serious social-economic problem. This situation requires further improvement of organization of neurotraumatic aid to the population. The work determined the regional features of the problem of cranio-cerebral traumatism in the Kamchatka Territory and proposed scientific reasons for organization of medical aid to patients with cranio-cerebral injuries.

[Characteristics of clinical presentation, diagnosis, and surgical treatment of temporal partial epilepsy].

Results of surgical treatment of 55 patients with pharmacologically resistant temporal epilepsy (age 16-43 years) admitted to Polenov Neurosurgical Institute (Saint-Petersburg, Russia) were assessed. EEG-monitoring as the part of examination protocol discovered stable focus of paroxysmal activity in frontotemporal area in 30 patients (54.5%).

[Minimally invasive surgery of patients with hypertensive intracerebral bleedings].

An analysis of results of surgical treatment of 79 patients aged from 41 to 72 years with hypertensive intracerebral hematomas of supratentorial localization has shown that results of surgical treatment depended on the severity of the patients' state, the degree of impairment of consciousness, volume and localization of hematoma, ventricular hemorrhage and in less degree on the terms of operation and the degree of displacement of the median structures of the brain. The endoscopic techniques proved to be preferential in hematomas of the lateral and mixed localizations with the volume not more than 60 cm3. The developed method using a cannula allowed abandon open operations in most patients with the lateral and mixed hematomas.

[Results of using an epineural suture of the sciatic nerve].

The paper presents results of the examinations and surgical treatment of 28 patients with lesions of the sciatic nerve. Sciatic nerve injuries and functional outcomes are described. Recommendations on medical strategy and treatment are given depending on the injury mechanisms, location, time of surgery, surgical techniques.

[Brain tumors combined with hydrocephalus].

We performed retrospective analysis to find out how severity of hydrocephalus influenced course of the disease in children with malignant brain tumors. Hydrocephalus was discovered in 62% of patients with malignant cerebral tumors but its frequency did not depend on degree of malignancy. Regression of hydrocephalus was obtained in 67.

[Cranio-cerebral trauma in publications by the Central hospital in the city of Aden].

An analysis of cranio-cerebral traumas in the Republic Yemen in 1998 has shown that the organization of medical care is unsatisfactory. Such situation led to address to the government of the Republic Yemen with a number of organizational suggestions. It is necessary to improve the material and technical basis of the city hospital of Aden and provide necessary diagnostic medical equipment, CT and MRT in particular.

[Neurostimulation in patients with chronic neuropathic pain in the so-called failed back surgery syndrome (world and the author's experience)].

The failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) is defined as protracted or recurrent pain, mainly in the lower back and/or legs, even after previous anatomically successful spinal surgery. Treatment of such patients commonly involves difficulties since neither medical therapy nor repeated back surgery does not result in adequate pain relief. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a minimally invasive procedure that allows physicians and patients to define the effect of therapy just before permanent implantation.

[Specific features of the distribution of hydration and electrolyte ions in the brain structures in patients dead of severe cranio-cerebral trauma].

An analysis of hydration in the brain structures was made in 34 dead of severe cranio-cerebral traumas with hematomas, foci of crushing of different localization in patients who underwent open operations on the brain. An uneven (mosaic) distribution of water was revealed where the norm of hydration and dehydration occurred more often than hyperhydration in different structures of the brain.

[The diagnosis of cerebral meningiomas at the stage of early clinical manifestation].

Presented are the results of the analysis on efficacy of cerebral meningiomas diagnosis at the stage of early clinical manifestation. The case-history data of 277 patients (95.5%) examined at the early stage of clinical manifestation have been analyzed.

[The epidemiology of brain injury and the organization of health care to victims in Aden (Yemen)].

All medical information sources available in Aden (Yemen) over 1998-2000 showed that there were 862 victims with brain injury. The prevalence of brain injury was 2.19 cases per 1,000; that being 1.

[Clinical and neurophysiologic aspects of surgical treatment of pharmacoresistant forms of epilepsy].

Surgical treatment of pharmacoresistant forms of epilepsy under neurophysiological monitoring is a key problem studied in A.L. Polenov Russian Neurosurgical Institute (Saint-Petersburg).

L-MYC and GSTM1 polymorphisms are associated with unfavourable clinical parameters of gliomas.

L-MYC and GSTM1 genotypes were analysed in glioma patients (GP) and healthy donors (HD). None of these genes appeared to influence the risk of this disease, however both polymorphisms correlated with unfavourable clinical parameters of gliomas. In particular, S allele of the L-MYC was overrepresented in the relapsed patients (P < 0.

[Multilevel magnetic and electrical stimulation in the combined treatment of neurosurgical patients].

The program of rehabilitation of neurosurgical patients with effective physical methods (multilayer magnetic and electric stimulation, scanning laser therapy, QHF therapy) has been used in 265 patients with functional disorders because of nervous affection. The program reduced the treatment duration and improved the quality of treatment of neurosurgical patients.

[L-myc and GSTM1 polymorphism in cerebral glioma].

L-MYC and GSTMI polymorphisms were studied in glioma patients. L-MYC allele frequency in patients (L: 61/114 (54%); S: 53/114 (46%)) and controls (L: 108/204 (53%); S: 96/204 (47%)) was identical. S allele was associated with certain unfavourable clinical features of the disease.

[Kinesitherapy in the early rehabilitation of neurosurgical patients with bladder dysfunction].

The authors review anatomical-functional features of different forms of urinary bladder dysfunction, offer kinesitherapy for patients with neurogenic dysfunction of the urinary bladder. Their experience with 52 neurosurgical patients who early after operation exercised according to the proposed method demonstrates a response in 83% of the patients due to activation of the existing and creation of the additional reflex component of micturation.

[The use of millimeter waves in neurosurgery under electrophysiological control].

Patients with organic CNS lesions including epileptic syndrome can be treated using indirect influence of millimetric waves upon major brain regulatory systems via specific peripheral receptor fields under control of adequate bioelectric criteria. 42 brain-affected patients were studied. The above method used as a part of combined surgical treatment resulted in stable functional restoration and normalization of bioelectric brain activity.

[Stereotaxic amygdalotomy in the treatment of children with epilepsy].

Seventy four children with generalized and partial epileptic seizures were treated stereotactically. Local destruction of the amygdaloid complex was performed in 50 patients. It was combined with thalamotomy in 20 patients, and with campotomy in 4 patients.

[The clinical aspects of hydrocephalus in children].

Neurological findings of 37 hydrocephalic children are analysed. The involvement of cranial nerves into a pathological process is shown. Optic, oculomotor, and abducent nerves and the first branch of the trigeminal nerve more frequently suffer.