Fine-scale genomic analyses of admixed individuals reveal unrecognized genetic ancestry components in Argentina.

Similarly to other populations across the Americas, Argentinean populations trace back their genetic ancestry into African, European and Native American ancestors, reflecting a complex demographic history with multiple migration and admixture events in pre- and post-colonial times. However, little is known about the sub-continental origins of these three main ancestries. We present new high-throughput genotyping data for 87 admixed individuals across Argentina.

SEOM clinical guidelines to primary prevention of cancer (2018).

Cancer is the leading social and healthcare problem of the twenty-first century. The aim of primary prevention is to decrease the incidence of cancer by avoiding the known causes and risk factors. Nevertheless, it has been estimated that cancer diagnoses could be halved through primary prevention measures.

Phase II trial of ifosfamide in combination with the VEGFR inhibitor sorafenib in advanced soft tissue sarcoma: a Spanish group for research on sarcomas (GEIS) study.

Background Sorafenib is a potent targeted-therapy that blockades angiogenesis and has demonstrated activity against some sarcoma subtypes. Preclinical studies suggested that treatment with sorafenib plus cytotoxic agents could result in additive efficacy. Methods Patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma, with or without anthracycline pretreatment were included.

Epidermal growth factor receptor and epididymis invasion as prognostic biomarkers in clinical stage I testicular germ cell tumours.

Background: Inguinal orchiectomy is curative in 70-80% of clinical stage I testicular germ cell tumours (CS I TGCT). The identification of patients who are at low risk of relapse is critical to avoid unnecessary treatment. The aim of this study is to explore EGFR, hMLH-1/hMSH-2 and microsatellite instability (MSI) as potential prognostic factors of recurrence in CS I TGCT.

GEINOFOTE: efficacy and safety of fotemustine in patients with high-grade recurrent gliomas and poor performance status.

Purpose: The treatment of recurrent high-grade gliomas (HGG) is controversial. There are different therapeutic schedules but without a clear orientation about which of them should be used in each clinical situation. In addition, when patients suffer a second recurrence or they have poor performance status, they are excluded from clinical trials, although second recurrences and poor performance status are indeed more and more real and common situations in the clinical setting.

BRAF mutation analysis in circulating free tumor DNA of melanoma patients treated with BRAF inhibitors.

BRAFV600E is a unique molecular marker for metastatic melanoma, being the most frequent somatic point mutation in this malignancy. Detection of BRAFV600E in blood could have prognostic and predictive value and could be useful for monitoring response to BRAF-targeted therapy. We developed a rapid, sensitive method for the detection and quantification of BRAFV600E in circulating free DNA (cfDNA) isolated from plasma and serum on the basis of a quantitative 5'-nuclease PCR (Taqman) in the presence of a peptide-nucleic acid.

Prolonged clinical benefit of everolimus therapy in the management of high-grade pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma.

Treatment options for patients with high-grade pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET) are limited, especially for those with progressive disease and for those who experience treatment failure. Everolimus, an oral inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), has been approved for the treatment of patients with low- or intermediate-grade advanced pNET. In the randomized phase III RADIANT-3 study in patients with low- or intermediate-grade advanced pNET, everolimus significantly increased progression-free survival (PFS) and decreased the relative risk for disease progression by 65% over placebo.

Reduced folate carrier (RFC) as a predictive marker for response to pemetrexed in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Introduction: RFC is the major transport system in mammalian cells for folate cofactors and antifolate therapeutics. The aim of this study was to assess the predictive value of RFC expression in patients receiving pemetrexed for advanced NSCLC.

Methods: The study was carried out in a population of 48 patients with advanced NSCLC which have received pemetrexed monotherapy in second and third line.

Prognostic factors in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate prognostic factors in patients with RCC.

Materials And Methods: The expression of several biomarkers were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC), together with 2 analytic factors (thrombocytosis and neutrophilia), in 135 patients with advanced RCC treated with new targeted drugs (NTDs) (n = 67) and/or cytokines (CKs) (n = 68)-with 23 of the patients who received CKs also receiving NTDs-between July 1996 and February 2010. Relationships with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were searched for.

Predictive factors for response to treatment in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma.

Introduction: The analysis of predictive factors of response may aid in predicting which patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) would be good candidates for systemic treatments.

Materials And Methods: The expression of several biomarkers was retrospectively analyzed using immunohistochemistry (IHC), as well as 2 analytical variables in 135 patients with advanced RCC treated with cytokines (CK) and/or new targeted drugs (NTD).

Results: 67 patients were treated solely with NTD and 68 with CK (23 also received NTD).

Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and gemcitabine in a fixed dose rate infusion for the treatment of patients with poor prognosis of recurrent ovarian cancer: a phase Ib study.

Introduction: Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) is currently the reference treatment for platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. The combination of PLD and gemcitabine and the administration of gemcitabine at a fixed dose rate infusion (FDRI) seem to have additive activity in this disease setting. We have launched a phase Ib study with the combination of FDRI gemcitabine followed by PLD in recurrent ovarian cancer with a platinum-free interval of less than 1 year, with parallel pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic studies.

Impact of the incorporation of tyrosine kinase inhibitor agents on the treatment of patients with a diagnosis of advanced renal cell carcinoma: study based on experience at the Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias.

Introduction: For nearly the past two decades, cytokines (CKs) have been the only systemic treatment option available for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In recent years, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have demonstrated clinical activity on this tumour. Our purpose is to describe one centre's experience with the use of CKs and TKIs in the treatment of patients with advanced RCC.

Activity of topotecan given intravenously for 5 days every three weeks in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer pretreated with platinum and taxanes: a phase II study.

Topotecan, a semi-synthetic camptothecin analogue with topoisomerase I interaction, has shown to be an active agent in the treatment of advanced refractory lung cancer. This paper describes the authors' experience with this drug when used as a single agent in patients (pts) with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) refractory to platinum- and taxane-containing chemotherapy regimens. Thirty-five patients with NSCLC refractory to previous chemotherapy and KI ≥ 60% were included in the study.

Impact of erythropoietin on the reduction of blood transfusions and on survival of lung cancer patients receiving first-line chemotherapy.

Introduction: Anaemia is a common problem in patients with cancer who receive chemotherapy and is normally associated with a negative impact on patients' quality of life (QOL), poor cancer control and diminished survival. In clinical trials, recombinant human erythropoietin has been shown to correct and prevent anaemia, decrease the need for blood transfusions and improve cancer patients' QOL.

Methods: A retrospective study followed lung cancer patients who received first-line chemotherapy in our hospital in 1998 and in 2005.