Discriminant analysis using MRI asymmetry indices and cognitive scores of women with temporal lobe epilepsy or schizophrenia.

Purpose: This study aims to assess the diagnostic power of brain asymmetry indices and neuropsychological tests for differentiating mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and schizophrenia (SCZ).

Methods: We studied a total of 39 women including 13 MTLE, 13 SCZ, and 13 healthy individuals (HC). A neuropsychological test battery (NPT) was administered and scored by an experienced neuropsychologist, and NeuroQuant (CorTechs Labs Inc.

Up-to-date Critical Review of the Classification of Epilepsies and Epileptic Seizures.

The classification of epileptic seizures and epilepsies is a subject of interest in various medical disciplines (such as neurology, pediatric neurology, molecular biology and genetics, neurosurgery, pharmacology, radiology, histopathology), and each of them requires a different approach in their practice. In last 15 years, enormous amount of debate in which irrelevant to actual level of knowledge, were ongoing in the literature. Epilepsy classification is a fundamental tool that impacts not only daily clinical practice but also research era and education.

Brain malformations associated with Knobloch syndrome--review of literature, expanding clinical spectrum, and identification of novel mutations.

Background: Knobloch syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive, developmental disorder characterized by stereotyped ocular abnormalities with or without occipital skull deformities (encephalocele, bone defects, and cutis aplasia). Although there is clear heterogeneity in clinical presentation, central nervous system malformations, aside from the characteristic encephalocele, have not typically been considered a component of the disease phenotype.

Methods: Four patients originally presented for genetic evaluation of symptomatic structural brain malformations.

State of the Art Approach to the Classification of Epileptic Seizures and Epilepsies.

In the light of the latest knowledge acquired from clinical and laboratory research dealing with genetic, molecular biology and neuroimaging, existing classifications were successively revised by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) in 2001, 2006, and 2010. In the latest classification established in 2010, proposals articulated radical changes in terms of concepts and definitions of the previously published classifications and put forward new classifications for epileptic seizures, epilepsies and electroclinical syndromes. This review refers to the changes of the new classification with their reasons and criticisms.

Interleukin-1β secretion in hippocampal sclerosis patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) is a common medically intractable epilepsy syndrome. Although pathogenesis of HS still remains highly controversial, genetics may play a role as a predisposing factor. Previous evidence in a Japanese population revealed that the homozygotes for allele T at position -511 of the interleukin (IL)-1β gene promoter region (IL-1β-511 T/T) confers susceptibility to the development of HS.

Efficacy, tolerability, and side effects of oxcarbazepine monotherapy: a prospective study in adult and elderly patients with newly diagnosed partial epilepsy.

Objective: The aim of the study described here was to investigate the efficacy, tolerability, and side effects of oxcarbazepine (OXC) monotherapy in newly diagnosed, previously untreated adult and elderly patients with partial epilepsy.

Methods: We prospectively analyzed and recorded the efficacy, tolerability, and side effects of OXC monotherapy. The results were analyzed on the basis of etiologic classifications and age distributions.

Epilepsia partialis continua in a patient with Behçet's disease.

Behçet's disease (BD) is a multisystemic, recurrent, inflammatory disorder of unknown aetiology. Neurological involvement is characterised either by primary parenchymal lesions or secondary to major vascular involvement. Seizures are rarely seen in BD and their occurrence can be related to seizure provoking factors or exacerbation of the disease.

Withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs in adult patients free of seizures for 4 years: a prospective study.

We aimed to assess the relapse rate of epilepsy, prospectively attributable to antiepileptic drug (AED) withdrawal in seizure-free patients and to determine the risk factors for seizure recurrence. Seventy-nine patients with epilepsy who were seizure-free for at least 4 years were enrolled into the study. The AEDs were tapered by one-sixth every 2 months.

Comparison of classifications of seizures: a preliminary study with 28 participants and 48 seizures.

Purpose: Our aim was to compare three available seizure classifications (SCs), namely, the international classification of epileptic seizures published in 1981 (ICES; Epilepsia 1981;22:489-50); the semiological seizure classification (SSC) by H. Luders, J. Acharya, C.

Cortical silent period in a patient with focal epilepsy and Parry-Romberg syndrome.

Progressive facial hemiatrophy (PFH), Parry-Romberg syndrome, is a rare disorder frequently associated with epilepsy. We describe a 28-year-old man who had PFH and partial epilepsy that was easily controlled with antiepileptic drugs. In accordance with this patient's benign course of seizures, the cortical silent period was prolonged in the symptomatic hemisphere.

Effect of long-term swimming exercise on zinc, magnesium, and copper distribution in aged rats.

Trace element content of different tissues might be altered by both age and exercise training. We aimed to determine the effects of a 1-yr swimming protocol (60 min/d, 5 day/wk) on tissue levels and the distribution of zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), and copper (Cu) in aging rats. Three groups were formed: sedentary and trained old groups and a young control group.

Changes in somatosensory evoked potentials, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzymes in experimental diabetes: effect of sulfur dioxide.

The effect of sulfur dioxide (SO2) on brain antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation, and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) was investigated in diabetic rats. A total of 40 rats were divided into 4 equal groups: control (C), SO2 + C (SO2), diabetic (D), and SO2 + D (DSO2). Experimental diabetes mellitus was induced by i.