Interaction of M(3+) Lanthanide Cations with Amide, Pyridine, and Phosphoryl O=PPh(3) Ligands: A Quantum Mechanics Study.

We report an ab initio quantum mechanical study on the interaction of M(n)()(+) cations (M(n)()(+) = La(3+), Eu(3+), Yb(3+), Sr(2+), and Na(+)) with model ligands L for lanthanide or actinide cations: several substituted amides, pyridines, and the phosphoryl-containing OPPh(3) ligand. The interaction energies DeltaE follow trends expected from the cation hardness and ligand basicity or softness in the amide series (primary < secondary-cis < secondary-trans < tertiary) as well as in the pyridine series (para-NO(2) < H < Me < NMe(2)). Among all ligands studied, OPPh(3) is clearly the best, while the (best) tertiary amide binds lanthanides slightly less than the (best) pyridine-NMe(2) ligand.

Objective measurement of veal color for classification purposes.

2300 veal calves were used to compare the ability of chromameters to measure the veal meat color on-line and to develop a relationship between instrumental and visual assessments to predict the color score according to the EC-system of classification. The meat color was assessed subjectively by 3 trained judges and objectively by 2 chromameters CR300 and CR310, 45 min post mortem on the Rectus abdominis, on the external side, skin having been removed. R(2) values reached 0.