Iron scavenging and suppression of collagen cross-linking underlie antifibrotic effects of carnosine in the heart with obesity.

Oral consumption of histidyl dipeptides such as l-carnosine has been suggested to promote cardiometabolic health, although therapeutic mechanisms remain incompletely understood. We recently reported that oral consumption of a carnosine analog suppressed markers of fibrosis in liver of obese mice, but whether antifibrotic effects of carnosine extend to the heart is not known, nor are the mechanisms by which carnosine is acting. Here, we investigated whether oral carnosine was able to mitigate the adverse cardiac remodeling associated with diet induced obesity in a mouse model of enhanced lipid peroxidation (i.

Excess prenatal loss and respiratory illnesses of infant macaques living outdoors and exposed to wildfire smoke.

Global climate change has transformed predictions of fire seasons in the near future, and record-breaking wildfire events have had catastrophic consequences in recent years. In September 2020, multiple wildfires subjected Oregon to hazardous air quality for several days. In this retrospective cohort study, we aimed to examine prenatal loss, morbidity, and mortality of rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) exposed to poor air quality from the nearby wildfires.

Use of a Shear Reduction Surface for Prehospital Transport: A Randomized Crossover Study.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of an antishear mattress overlay (ASMO) with a standard ambulance stretcher surface in reducing pressure and shear and increasing patient comfort.

Methods: In this randomized, crossover design, adults in three body mass index categories served as their own controls. Pressure/shear sensors were applied to the sacrum, ischial tuberosity, and heel.

Muscular Damping Distribution Strategy for Bio-Inspired, Soft Motion Control at Variable Precision.

Bio-inspired and compliant control approaches have been studied by roboticists for decades to achieve more natural robot motion. Independent of this, medical and biological researchers have discovered a wide variety of muscular properties and higher-level motion characteristics. Although both disciplines strive to better understand natural motion and muscle coordination, they have yet to meet.

NOTCH Signaling Limits the Response of Low-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancers to MEK Inhibition.

Low-grade serous ovarian cancer (LGSOC) is a rare subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer with high fatality rates in advanced stages due to its chemoresistant properties. LGSOC is characterized by activation of MAPK signaling, and recent clinical trials indicate that the MEK inhibitor (MEKi) trametinib may be a good treatment option for a subset of patients. Understanding MEKi-resistance mechanisms and subsequent identification of rational drug combinations to suppress resistance may greatly improve LGSOC treatment strategies.

Validation of a Point-of-Care Analyzer for Determining Anticoagulation Status During Air Transport.

Objective: We evaluated a point-of-care prothrombin time (PT)/international normalized ratio (INR) cartridge-based analyzer for its feasibility, accuracy, and value in critical care air transport.

Methods: In this prospective study, blood samples from 10 randomly selected adult patients were tested with the cartridge during transport to determine feasibility. The cartridge results were compared with the laboratory results for the same samples.

"Decompression of tension pneumothorax in a trauma patient -first use of a novel decompression colorimetric capnography device in human patient".

Tension pneumothorax is a common cause of mortality in trauma. Tension pneumothorax is the confinement of respired gases within the pleural cavity at increasing pressure resulting in hemodynamic collapse. Decompression is crucial in management.

Exploiting the intrinsic deformation of a prosthetic foot to estimate the center of pressure and ground reaction force.

The properties of the foot deployed in a bipedal robot that targets the rendering of a human-like dynamic gait are crucial. Firstly, it has to implement a set of mechanical mechanisms/properties that improve the efficiency of the locomotion. Secondly, it has to integrate a sensory system that captures the interaction with the ground with suitable precision.

The Unusual Properties of the AAV Inverted Terminal Repeat.

Although the sequence of the AAV inverted terminal repeat has been known for 40 years, there are still unanswered questions about functions attributable to the terminal 125 nucleotides.

Analysis and Improvements in AprilTag Based State Estimation.

In this paper, we analyzed the accuracy and precision of AprilTag as a visual fiducial marker in detail. We have analyzed error propagation along two horizontal axes along with the effect of angular rotation about the vertical axis. We have identified that the angular rotation of the camera (yaw angle) about its vertical axis is the primary source of error that decreases the precision to the point where the marker system is not potentially viable for sub-decimeter precise tasks.

Design of the musculoskeletal leg [Formula: see text] based on the physiology of mono-articular and biarticular muscles in the human leg.

In a lower extremity musculoskeletal leg, the actuation kinematics define the interaction of the actuators with each other and the environment. Design of such a kinematic chain is challenging due to the existence of the redundant biarticular actuators which simultaneously act on two joints, generating a parallel mechanism. Actuator kinematics is mainly dependent on the moment arm profile of the actuation system.

A Variable Stiffness Actuator Module With Favorable Mass Distribution for a Bio-inspired Biped Robot.

Achieving human-like locomotion with humanoid platforms often requires the use of variable stiffness actuators (VSAs) in multi-degree-of-freedom robotic joints. VSAs possess 2 motors for the control of both stiffness and equilibrium position. Hence, they add mass and mechanical complexity to the design of humanoids.

Next Generation of Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors for Gene Therapy for Human Liver Diseases.

Recombinant vectors based on a nonpathogenic parvovirus, the adeno-associated virus (AAV), have taken center stage in the past decade. The safety of AAV vectors in clinical trials and clinical efficacy in several human diseases are now well documented. Despite these achievements, it is increasingly clear that the full potential of AAV vectors composed of the naturally occurring capsids is unlikely to be realized.

Prehospital Use of Ketamine: Effectiveness in Critically Ill and Injured Patients.

Background: The military use of ketamine is well established. The benefits of prehospital civilian use have not been extensively reported.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed of patients with prehospital ketamine use in Mayo One's air and critical care ground transport.

ARID1A mutant ovarian clear cell carcinoma: A clear target for synthetic lethal strategies.

SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes play an important role in the epigenetic regulation of chromatin structure and gene transcription. Mutual exclusive subunits in the SWI/SNF complex include the DNA targeting members ARID1A and ARID1B as well as the ATPases SMARCA2 and SMARCA4. SWI/SNF complexes are mutated across many cancer types.

ARID1A mutation sensitizes most ovarian clear cell carcinomas to BET inhibitors.

Current treatment for advanced stage ovarian clear cell cancer is severely hampered by a lack of effective systemic therapy options, leading to a poor outlook for these patients. Sequencing studies revealed that ARID1A is mutated in over 50% of ovarian clear cell carcinomas. To search for a rational approach to target ovarian clear cell cancers with ARID1A mutations, we performed kinome-centered lethality screens in a large panel of ovarian clear cell carcinoma cell lines.

Early Hospital Discharge After Helicopter Transport of Pediatric Trauma Patients: Analysis of Rates of Over and Undertriage.

Objectives: Helicopter air ambulance (HAA) of pediatric trauma patients is a life-saving intervention. Triage remains a challenge for both scene transport and interhospital transfer of injured children. We aimed to understand whether overtriage or undertriage was a feature of scene or interhospital transfer and how in or out of state transfers affected these rates.

Integrative Kinome Profiling Identifies mTORC1/2 Inhibition as Treatment Strategy in Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma.

Advanced-stage ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is unresponsive to conventional platinum-based chemotherapy. Frequent alterations in OCCC include deleterious mutations in the tumor suppressor and activating mutations in the PI3K subunit In this study, we aimed to identify currently unknown mutated kinases in patients with OCCC and test druggability of downstream affected pathways in OCCC models. In a large set of patients with OCCC ( = 124), the human kinome (518 kinases) and additional cancer-related genes were sequenced, and copy-number alterations were determined.

Prehospital Blood Product Administration Opportunities in Ground Transport ALS EMS - A Descriptive Study.

Unlabelled: IntroductionHemorrhage remains the major cause of preventable death after trauma. Recent data suggest that earlier blood product administration may improve outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether opportunities exist for blood product transfusion by ground Emergency Medical Services (EMS).

Prehospital Transfusion for Gastrointestinal Bleeding.

Objective: Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a common medical emergency with significant morbidity and mortality. Many patients are coagulopathic, which may perpetuate bleeding. Remote damage control resuscitation, including early correction of coagulopathy and anemia, may benefit exsanguinating patients with GI bleeding.

Prehospital blood transfusions in pediatric trauma and nontrauma patients: a single-center review of safety and outcomes.

Purpose: Prehospital transfusions are a novel yet increasingly accepted intervention in the adult population as part of remote damage control resuscitation, but prehospital transfusions remain controversial in children. Our purpose was to review our pediatric prehospital transfusion experience over 12 years to describe the safety of prehospital transfusion in appropriately triaged trauma and nontrauma patients.

Methods: Children (<18 years) transfused with packed red blood cells (pRBC) or plasma during transport to a single regional academic medical center between 2002 and 2014 were identified.

AAV: An Overview of Unanswered Questions.

AAV has been studied for 55 years and has been developed as a vector for about 35 years. By now, there is a fairly good idea of the dimensions of what would be useful to know to employ AAV optimally as a vector, but there are still many unanswered questions within the system. As with all biological systems, each good experiment raises further questions to answer.