History of diapers and diapering.

For centuries, diapering has been a global practice. Most cultures around the world have historically implemented mechanisms to cover the genital area, both for privacy and to contain waste. The latest and most important innovation was the advent of the disposable diaper in the mid-twentieth century.

Clobetasol propionate, 0.05%, vs hydrocortisone, 1%, for alopecia areata in children: a randomized clinical trial.

Importance: Alopecia areata is an idiopathic cause of hair loss with limited therapeutic repertoire.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of a high- vs low-potency topical corticosteroid in pediatric patients.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This single-center, randomized, blind, 2-arm, parallel-group, superiority trial was carried out over a 24-week period at a tertiary referral academic dermatology clinic at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Dental manifestations of dermatologic conditions.

Background: Cutaneous disorders can be associated with a wide variety of dental manifestations that should be familiar to dermatologists.

Objective: We sought to describe the development of the teeth, explain current dental terms, and review the dental manifestations of some dermatologic conditions.

Methods: A MEDLINE search (1966-May 2007) was performed to find relevant articles pertaining to dental manifestations of dermatologic conditions.

Increased serum levels of TGFbeta1 in children with localized scleroderma.

Background: There are neither sensitive nor specific laboratory tests for measuring disease activity in localized scleroderma (LS). Monitoring is done almost exclusively by clinical assessment. Our aim was to determine whether serum concentrations of TGFbeta1 are a good biomarker of disease activity in children with LS.

Oral versus high-dose pulse corticosteroids for problematic infantile hemangiomas: a randomized, controlled trial.

Objectives: Oral systemic corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment for problematic hemangiomas; however, current information is based on anecdotal experience and retrospective studies. We aimed to determine whether systemic steroids are efficacious in proliferating hemangioma and to compare the efficacy and safety of 2 corticosteroid treatment modalities.

Patients And Methods: Twenty patients with problematic hemangiomas of infancy were randomly assigned to either daily oral prednisolone or monthly intravenous pulses of methylprednisolone.

Pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus following topical application of tacrolimus ointment in adult and pediatric patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis.

Objective: To characterize the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus after topical application in adult and pediatric patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis from all clinical trials in which tacrolimus blood levels were obtained.

Methods: Tacrolimus ointment 0.03% or 0.

The differential diagnosis of atopic dermatitis in childhood.

Atopic is the most common of the dermatitides seen in infancy and childhood, but there are numerous other diseases that can mimic the skin findings. These include seborrheic dermatitis, immunodeficiency, and psoriasis in infancy; scabies, tinea corporis infection, perioral, nummular, contact, and molluscum dermatitis in childhood. It is sometimes extremely difficult to differentiate between ichthyosis and AD, and it is also important to differentiate AD from erythrodermic conditions including acrodermatitis enteropathica, biotin deficiency, and Netherton syndrome.

Cutaneous Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children under one year.

Background: To evaluate the clinical course and outcome of infants with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) involving skin and to estimate the incidence of progression to multi-system (M-S) disease in those with isolated skin involvement.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on 22 LCH patients who were younger than 12 months at the onset of their skin eruption.

Results: Twelve patients had isolated skin involvement at diagnosis and 10 were evaluable for progression.

Infantile pedal papules.

Infantile pedal papules are symmetric, painless, flesh-colored nodules on the medial aspects of an infant's heels. Although the medical literature suggests they are uncommon, a survey of 269 newborns and 189 infants indicates the incidence of these to be 5.9% in newborns and 39.

Therapeutic approach to selected neonatal eruptions.

Management of numerous neonatal eruptions has been modified over the past 10 years. In this article, traditional and developing therapeutic insights are applied to both common and uncommon neonatal conditions.

Congenital alopecia areata.

Alopecia areata, the alleged autoimmune process leading to nonscarring hair loss, is not uncommon. It has been classified as an acquired cause of alopecia; however, recently it has been reported in the neonatal period. We report 4 cases of congenital alopecia areata with follow-up from 3 to 5 years.

Canadian practical guide for the treatment and management of atopic dermatitis.

Background: Atopic dermatitis is a common condition, with a lifetime prevalence of approximately 10% to 20% among the Canadian population. A clear, practical, Canadian guideline for the management of these patients has been lacking.

Objective: To provide primary-care physicians, pediatricians and dermatologists with the first practical and comprehensive set of Canadian recommendations for the management of atopic dermatitis.

Mercury intoxication: it still exists.

A3-year-old boy presented to the Hospital for Sick Children with systemic symptoms and oropharyngeal and peripheral extremity changes suggestive of Kawasaki disease. He was found to have severe hypertension. Investigation for a catecholamine-secreting tumor was negative.

Sweet syndrome developing during treatment with all-trans retinoic acid in a child with acute myelogenous leukemia.

Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet syndrome) has been reported in a few adults receiving all-trans retinoic acid for acute promyelocytic leukemia. The authors report a case of Sweet syndrome associated with the administration of all-trans retinoic acid for acute promyelocytic leukemia in a pediatric patient.

Extracellular matrix protein 1 gene (ECM1) mutations in lipoid proteinosis and genotype-phenotype correlation.

The autosomal recessive disorder lipoid proteinosis results from mutations in extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1), a glycoprotein expressed in several tissues (including skin) and composed of two alternatively spliced isoforms, ECM1a and ECM1b, the latter lacking exon 7 of this 10-exon gene (ECM1). To date, mutations that either affect ECM1a alone or perturb both ECM1 transcripts have been demonstrated in six cases. However, lipoid proteinosis is clinically heterogeneous with affected individuals displaying differing degrees of skin scarring and infiltration, variable signs of hoarseness and respiratory distress, and in some cases neurological abnormalities such as temporal lobe epilepsy.

Terbinafine in the treatment of Trichophyton tinea capitis: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, duration-finding study.

Objectives: Terbinafine has been shown to be effective in tinea capitis, using different treatment durations. However, no direct comparison of treatment duration has previously been investigated. This randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, multicenter study was designed to assess the effect of terbinafine treatment duration on the outcome of Trichophyton tinea capitis in a North American population.