Task-based memory systems in contextual-cueing of visual search and explicit recognition.

Visual search is facilitated when observers encounter targets in repeated display arrangements. This 'contextual-cueing' (CC) effect is attributed to incidental learning of spatial distractor-target relations. Prior work has typically used only one recognition measure (administered after the search task) to establish whether CC is based on implicit or explicit memory of repeated displays, with the outcome depending on the diagnostic accuracy of the test.

Contextual cueing of visual search is associated with greater subjective experience of the search display configuration.

Visual search is facilitated when display configurations are repeated over time, showing that memory of spatio-configural context can cue the location of the target. The present study investigates whether memory of the search target in relation to the configuration of distractors alters subjective experience of the visual search target and/or the subjective experience of the display configuration. Observers performed a masked localization task for targets embedded in repeated vs.

Independence of long-term contextual memory and short-term perceptual hypotheses: Evidence from contextual cueing of interrupted search.

Observers are able to resume an interrupted search trial faster relative to responding to a new, unseen display. This finding of rapid resumption is attributed to short-term perceptual hypotheses generated on the current look and confirmed upon subsequent looks at the same display. It has been suggested that the contents of perceptual hypotheses are similar to those of other forms of memory acquired long-term through repeated exposure to the same search displays over the course of several trials, that is, the memory supporting "contextual cueing.

Rewarding distractor context versus rewarding target location: a commentary on Tseng and Lleras (2013).

The influence of reward on cognitive processes including visual perception, spatial attention, and perceptual learning has become an increasingly important field of study in recent years. For example, Tseng and Lleras (Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 75(2), 287-298, 2013) investigated whether reward has an effect on implicit learning of target-distractor arrangements in visual search-that is, contextual cueing (Chun & Jiang Cognitive Psychology, 36(1), 28-71, 1998). They found that reward expedited the development of the cueing effect-that is, the reaction time difference between repeated and nonrepeated displays.

Awareness in contextual cueing of visual search as measured with concurrent access- and phenomenal-consciousness tasks.

In visual search, context information can serve as a cue to guide attention to the target location. When observers repeatedly encounter displays with identical target-distractor arrangements, reaction times (RTs) are faster for repeated relative to nonrepeated displays, the latter containing novel configurations. This effect has been termed "contextual cueing.