Cognitive functioning in everyday life: The development of a questionnaire on instrumental activities of daily living in multiple sclerosis.

Neuropsychological test scores in people with MS (PwMS) do not fully reflect cognitive functioning in daily life. Therefore, we developed a questionnaire based on instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), using the Amsterdam IADL-Q for Alzheimer's disease as starting point. Forty-eight items were evaluated on relevance and clarity by (inter)national experts (n = 30), PwMS (n = 61) and proxies (n = 30).

Serum contactin-1 as a biomarker of long-term disease progression in natalizumab-treated multiple sclerosis.

Background: Natalizumab treatment provides a model for non-inflammation-induced disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objective: To study serum contactin-1 (sCNTN1) as a novel biomarker for disease progression in natalizumab-treated relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients.

Methods: Eighty-nine natalizumab-treated RRMS patients with minimum follow-up of 3 years were included.