Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections and Antibiotic Resistance-Epidemiological and Mechanistic Aspects.

Uncomplicated urinary tract infections are typically monobacterial and are predominantly caused by Escherichia coli. Although several effective treatment options are available, the rates of antibiotic resistance in urinary isolates of E. coli have increased during the last decade.

Induction of beta-lactamase production in Aeromonas hydrophila is responsive to beta-lactam-mediated changes in peptidoglycan composition.

We have studied the mechanism by which beta-lactam challenge leads to beta-lactamase induction in Aeromonas hydrophila through transposon-insertion mutagenesis. Disruption of the dd-carboxypeptidases/endopeptidases, penicillin-binding protein 4 or BlrY leads to elevated monomer-disaccharide-pentapeptide levels in A. hydrophila peptidoglycan and concomitant overproduction of beta-lactamase through activation of the BlrAB two-component regulatory system.

Development of resistance in wild-type and hypermutable Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains exposed to clinical pharmacokinetic profiles of meropenem and ceftazidime simulated in vitro.

In this study we investigated the interplay of antibiotic pharmacokinetic profiles and the development of mutation-mediated resistance in wild-type and hypermutable Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. We used in vitro models simulating profiles of the commonly used therapeutic drugs meropenem and ceftazidime, two agents with high levels of antipseudomonal activity said to have different potentials for stimulating resistance development. During ceftazidime treatment of the wild-type strain (PAO1), fully resistant mutants overproducing AmpC were selected rapidly and they completely replaced wild-type cells in the population.

Biochemical and genetic characterization of the beta-lactamases of Y. aldovae, Y. bercovieri, Y. frederiksenii and "Y. ruckeri" strains.

The beta-lactamases of five strains each of Y. aldovae and "Y. ruckeri", and 10 strains each of Y.

Natural antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and biochemical identification of Escherichia albertii and Hafnia alvei strains.

Bangladeshi diarrheagenic Hafnia alvei-like strains have been described recently as the new species Escherichia albertii (Int J Syst Evolut Microbiol. 2003;53:807-810). The natural susceptibility of 21 E.

Feasibility and safety of needle catheter jejunostomy for enteral nutrition in surgically treated severe acute pancreatitis.

Background: The role of the gut in the development of septic complications and promising clinical results have led to a shift from the parenteral to the enteral route for nutrition support of patients with acute pancreatitis. In patients undergoing surgery for severe necrotizing pancreatitis, the application of a needle catheter jejunostomy might be useful. However, there is a shortage of clinical data on its feasibility and possible harmful effect.

High prevalence of the ermB gene among erythromycin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Germany during the winter of 2000-2001 and in vitro activity of telithromycin.

Of 595 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from outpatients with respiratory tract infections, collected from 17 microbiology laboratories, 14.1% were resistant to erythromycin. Eighty-three erythromycin-resistant isolates were genetically analyzed, 83.

Extension of in-use stability of preservative-free nasalia.

Nasal drops and nasal sprays are commonly supplied in multi-dose containers that usually include suitable levels of an appropriate preservative in order to kill or prevent growth of any microorganisms which might enter the dispensing system. Preservatives should both protect the patient from infection and prevent spoilage of the product. Unfortunately, preservatives often cause unwanted side effects; in particular, the nasal mucosa is irritated frequently.

Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, beta-lactamases, and biochemical identification of Yokenella regensburgei strains.

Yokenella regensburgei is an opportunistic human pathogen that phenotypically resembles Hafnia alvei. The susceptibility of 10 Y. regensburgei strains to 75 antimicrobial agents was examined, applying a microdilution procedure in cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (CAMHB) and IsoSensitest broth (ISB).

Pharmacological indices in antibiotic therapy.

After 60 years of antibiotic treatment, attempts to rationalize it have culminated in the use of pharmacological indices. These indices facilitate comparison of the activity of different antibiotics and serve as a sound basis for antibiotic dosing. Pharmacokinetic parameters (e.

Natural antimicrobial susceptibilities and biochemical profiles of Yersinia enterocolitica-like strains: Y. frederiksenii, Y. intermedia, Y. kristensenii and Y. rohdei.

The natural susceptibility of 131 Yersinia strains of Y. frederiksenii (n=38), Y. intermedia (n=48), Y.

Natural antimicrobial susceptibilities of strains of 'unusual' Serratia species: S. ficaria, S. fonticola, S. odorifera, S. plymuthica and S. rubidaea.

The natural susceptibility to 71 antibiotics of 104 Serratia strains of Serratia ficaria (n = 15), Serratia fonticola (n = 18), Serratia odorifera (n = 16), Serratia plymuthica (n = 32) and Serratia rubidaea (n = 23) was examined. MICs were determined using a microdilution procedure in IsoSensitest broth for all the strains and in cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth for some strains. With few exceptions, all species tested were uniformly naturally resistant to penicillin G, oxacillin, cefazolin, cefuroxime, all tested macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins, glycopeptides, fusidic acid and rifampicin, and naturally sensitive to several aminoglycosides, piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, carbapenems, some cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and folate-pathway inhibitors.

Moellerella wisconsensis: identification, natural antibiotic susceptibility and its dependency on the medium applied.

The present study establishes a data compilation on biochemical features and natural antibiotic susceptibilities of Moellerella wisconsensis strains. 17 moellerellae isolated from humans (n = 11), food (n = 5) and water (n = 1) were tested. Identification was carried out using two commercially available systems and conventional tests.

Natural antibiotic susceptibility and biochemical profiles of Yersinia enterocolitica-like strains: Y. bercovieri, Y. mollaretii, Y. aldovae and 'Y. ruckeri'.

The natural susceptibility of 54 Yersinia enterocolitica-like strains of Y. bercovieri (formerly Y. enterocolitica biovar 3B, n = 17), Y.

Natural antibiotic susceptibility of Klebsiella pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, K. planticola, K. ornithinolytica and K. terrigena strains.

The natural susceptibility of 221 Klebsiella strains to 71 antibiotics was examined. The strains were isolated from clinical specimens and the environment, and belonged to K. pneumoniae subsp.

Beta-lactamase expression in Yersinia enterocolitica biovars 1A, 1B, and 3.

Characteristic patterns of beta-lactam susceptibility are associated with different biovars of Yersinia enterocolitica. In a previous study differences in beta-lactam susceptibility among biovar 2, 4 and 5 strains were largely attributed to differences in expression of beta-lactamase A (BlaA) and beta-lactamase B (BlaB). The basis for differences in beta-lactam susceptibility of strains of biovars 1A, 1B and 3 is now considered.

Expression of beta-lactamases in Yersinia enterocolitica strains of biovars 2, 4 and 5.

Characteristic patterns of susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics are associated with different biovars of Yersinia enterocolitica. To elucidate the basis for these differences, the beta-lactamases of strains of Y. enterocolitica biovars 4 (n = 63), 2 (n = 12) and 5 (n = 10) were characterised.