Background: Immune therapy has gained significant importance in managing urothelial cancer. The value of PD-L1 remains a matter of controversy, thus requiring an in-depth analysis of its biological and clinical relevance.
Methods: A total of 193 tumors of muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients (MIBC) were assessed with four PD-L1 assays.
Patients with metastatic bladder cancer (mBC) treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy have a limited median survival of only around 14 months [1]. Despite over 30 years of basic and clinical research, until recently no therapeutic options beyond cisplatin-based therapy had entered clinical routine and, at least in the US, none of the tested agents had been approved for second-line treatment. This has changed with the advent of immune checkpoint blockade, including especially PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.
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