Bonding positional accuracy of attachments and marginal adaptation of in-house aligners - A quality improvement laboratory study.

Objectives: To evaluate the 3D accuracy of attachment positioning and the adaptation of aligners to attachments using in-house templates made with either polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) or ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) and either pressure or vacuum thermoforming machines.

Materials And Methods: Overall, 140 test specimens were resin-printed. Templates for the attachment bonding were made with 1-mm EVA or 0.

The effect of micro-osteoperforations on the rate of maxillary incisors' retraction in orthodontic space closure: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Background: This single-centered randomized controlled clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of micro-osteoperforations (MOPs) in accelerating the orthodontic retraction of maxillary incisors.

Methods: Forty-two patients aged 16-40 were recruited and randomly assigned into two groups, one which underwent MOPs (MOPG) in the buccal and palatal region of all maxillary incisors immediately before the start of retraction and one which did not (CG). Eligibility criteria included the orthodontic need for maxillary first premolars extraction and space closure in two phases.

Long-term effects produced by early treatment of Class III malocclusion with rapid maxillary expansion and facemask followed by fixed appliances: A multicentre retro-prospective controlled study.

Objective: To assess the short- and long-term dentoskeletal effects of early Class III treatment with rapid maxillary expansion and facemask (RME/FM) followed by fixed appliances.

Materials And Methods: A total of 44 patients (27 females, 17 males) treated consecutively with RME/FM were included from the archives of 3 centres. Three lateral cephalograms were available: T0 (before the start of RME/FM therapy, mean age 8.

Asymmetry in Class II subdivision malocclusion: Assessment based on 3D surface models.

Introduction: There is currently no consensus in the literature whether the aetiology of a Class II subdivision is dental, skeletal or both. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify skeletal and dental asymmetries in Class II subdivision malocclusions.

Methods: CBCTs from 33 Class II subdivision malocclusion patients were used to construct 3D volumetric label maps.

Comparison between digital and conventional impression techniques in children on preference, time and comfort: A crossover randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To compare the conventional alginate impression and the digital impression taken with an intraoral scanner of both dental arches in children, using a randomized crossover design.

Trial Design: This is a monocentric, controlled, superiority, randomized, crossover, open study.

Methods: Twenty-four orthodontic patients between 6 and 11 years of age underwent intraoral scanning (TRIOS 3; 3Shape) and alginate impression of both dental arches with an interval of 1 week between the two procedures.

Craniofacial morphology of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate at two stages of skeletal maturation.

The aim of this retrospective cross-sectional investigation was to perform a 3D analysis of craniofacial morphology of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) at two stages of skeletal maturation. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 52 UCLP patients (34 prepubertal; 18 pubertal) were collected from an outpatient referral center for the treatment of craniofacial deformities. In total 15 multiplanar craniofacial landmarks were identified, 3D virtual surface models were created, and 13 variables were measured to assess the 3D Euclidean distances between landmarks and spatial position of the landmarks in the projected X, Y and Z components.

Morphofunctional changes following adenotonsillectomy of obstructive sleep apnea children: a case series analysis.

Objective: To perform a case series analysis of the changes in the pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), nasal inspiratory flow (NIF), upper airway volume, obstructive apnea/hypopnea index (OAHI), and the maxillomandibular three-dimensional (3D) morphology after adenotonsillectomy (T&A) of obstructive sleep apnea children (OSA).

Materials And Methods: Retrospective assessment of files from 1002 children screened between 2012 and 2020 in a hospital-based mouth-breather referral center. From this universe, 15 obstructive sleep apnea children (7 females; 8 males), ages 4.

Stability of fiducial cephalometric landmarks of growing Class II malocclusion patients: a three-dimensional retrospective study.

Objectives: To evaluate three-dimensionally (3D) the stability of Nasion (Na), Sella (S), Basion (Ba), Porion (Po), and Orbitale (Or) in different age groups of growing Class II malocclusion patients and, additionally, to assess rotational changes of the S-Na and Ba-Na lines and the Frankfurt Horizontal Plane (FHP).

Materials And Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography studies of 67 Class II division 1 malocclusion patients, acquired at baseline (T0) and 1 year later (T1), were retrospectively assessed. Anterior cranial fossa was used for volumetric superimposition.

Three-dimensional nasal septum and maxillary changes following rapid maxillary expansion in patients with cleft lip and palate.

Objectives: To determine the three-dimensional changes of the nasal septum (NS), alveolar width, alveolar cleft volume, and maxillary basal bone following rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in consecutive patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective investigation was conducted based on the analysis of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data of 40 consecutive patients with UCLP (mean age 11.1 ± 2.

Three-dimensional changes of the upper airway in patients with Class II malocclusion treated with the Herbst appliance: A cone-beam computed tomography study.

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the volumetric effects on the upper airways of growing patients with Class II malocclusion treated with the Herbst appliance (HA).

Methods: Volumetric measurements of the upper airways of 42 skeletal Class II malocclusion patients (mean age: 13.8 ± 1.

Condyle-glenoid fossa relationship after Herbst appliance treatment during two stages of craniofacial skeletal maturation: A retrospective study.

Objectives: To perform a three-dimensional evaluation of the position of the condyles in patients treated with Herbst appliance (HA) in two stages of cervical vertebral maturation.

Setting And Sample Population: Retrospective case-control study. Pubertal Herbst group (PHG; n = 24, mean age 14.

Three-dimensional airway changes after adenotonsillectomy in children with obstructive apnea: Do expectations meet reality?

Introduction: The assessment of the volumetric changes of the airways after adenotonsillectomy has gained popularity among orthodontists, but the validity of such evaluation is not clear.

Methods: Thirty patients with obstructive sleep apnea diagnosed with the use of polysomnography (PSG) were evaluated according to the Apnea and Hypopnea Index (AHI), the obstructive apnea index (OAI), the oxygen desaturation index (ODI), the lowest oxygen saturation (LSpO), and the average oxygen saturation (ASpO). The volume and the minimal cross-section of lower (oropharynx and velopharynx) and upper (nasopharynx) spaces of the airways were calculated.

Superimposition of 3D maxillary digital models using open-source software.

Historically, whether for research purposes or clinical monitoring, orthodontic evaluation of dental movements has been done using plaster study models and two dimensional (2D) radiographs. However, new frontiers for the diagnosis, planning and outcome assessment of orthodontic treatments have arisen, due to the revolutionary digital tools which enable a three dimensional (3D) computerized analysis of dental movements by means of digital models. However, the software for 3D analysis are often costly, resulting in limited access to orthodontists.

Development and validation of a prediction model for long-term unsuccess of early treatment of Class III malocclusion.

Aim: To develop and validate a prediction model to forecast long-term stability of early treatment with rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and facemask (FM) in a large sample of Class III growing patients.

Methods: The Brazilian Group (BG) consisted of 73 consecutively treated Caucasian Class III patients (41 females and 32 males). Mean age at T0 (before treatment) was 7.

Three-dimensional assessment of the middle cranial fossa and central skull base following Herbst appliance treatment.

Objectives:: The purpose of this three-dimensional (3D) study was to assess retrospectively the middle cranial fossa and central skull base of patients treated with the Herbst appliance (HA).

Materials And Methods:: 3D surface virtual models of 40 Class II, division 1 malocclusion patients were generated from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) acquired before treatment (T0) and after 8 months of HA treatment (T1). T0 and T1 3D models were superimposed volumetrically at the anterior cranial fossa.

Are computed tomography 3D measurements of the upper airways in mouth-breathing children in agreement with the ENT clinical diagnosis of obstruction?

Introduction: Imaging studies have hystorically been used to support the clinical otorhinolaryngological evaluation of the upper respiratory tract for the diagnosis of obstructive causes of oral breathing.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare 3D volumetric measurements of nasal cavity, nasopharynx and oropharynx of obstructed mouth-breathing children with measurements of non-obstructed mouth-breathing children.

Methods: This retrospective study included 25 mouth-breathing children aged 5-9 years evaluated by otorhinolaryngological clinical examination, flexible nasoendoscopy and full-head multi-slice computed tomography.

Three-dimensional positional assessment of glenoid fossae and mandibular condyles in patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion.

Objectives: To test the null hypotheses that the positions of the glenoid fossae and mandibular condyles are identical on the Class I and Class II sides of patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective three-dimensional (3D) assessments of the positions of the glenoid fossae and mandibular condyles were made in patients with Class II malocclusion. Relative to a fiducial reference at the anterior cranial base, distances from the glenoid fossae and condyles were calculated in pretreatment cone beam computed tomographic scans of 82 patients: 41 with Class II and 41 with Class II subdivision malocclusions.

Post-processing open-source software for the CBCT monitoring of periapical lesions healing following endodontic treatment: technical report of two cases.

Objectives: To describe the use of open-source software for the post-processing of CBCT imaging for the assessment of periapical lesions development after endodontic treatment.

Methods: CBCT scans were retrieved from endodontic records of two patients. Three-dimensional virtual models, voxel counting, volumetric measurement (mm) and mean intensity of the periapical lesion were performed with ITK-SNAP v.

3D Mandibular Superimposition: Comparison of Regions of Reference for Voxel-Based Registration.

Introduction: The aim was to evaluate three regions of reference (Björk, Modified Björk and mandibular Body) for mandibular registration testing them in a patients' CBCT sample.

Methods: Mandibular 3D volumetric label maps were built from CBCTs taken before (T1) and after treatment (T2) in a sample of 16 growing subjects and labeled with eight landmarks. Registrations of T1 and T2 images relative to the different regions of reference were performed, and 3D surface models were generated.

Maxillary dentoskeletal changes 1-year after adenotonsillectomy.

Objective: To measure the maxillary dentoskeletal and soft tissue changes of severely obstructed mouth breathing (MB) young children who had their mode of breathing normalized after adenotonsillectomy (T&A), in comparison with a matched group of severely obstructed untreated MB children (CG).

Methods: Seventy patients who had an Ear, Nose, and Throat examination (ENT), including flexible nasal endoscopy, to confirm the severe obstruction of the upper airways and the indication of T&A composed the sample. Cephalograms and dental casts were available from the patient's orthodontic records.

Displacement of the Mandibular Condyles Immediately after Herbst Appliance Insertion - 3D Assessment.

Objective: To test the following two hypotheses regarding the consequences of Herbst appliance (HA) insertion: 1) a significant clockwise mandibular rotation will occur and 2) the displacement of the condyles will follow the same magnitude of the changes of overjet (OJ) and overbite (OB).

Methods: Virtual 3D surface models of 25 patients were generated from cone-beam computed tomographs taken before treatment and immediately after HA insertion. Scans were registered on the cranial base and were analyzed using point-to-point measurements, color-coded maps, and semitransparent overlays.

Common 3-dimensional coordinate system for assessment of directional changes.

Introduction: The aims of this study were to evaluate how head orientation interferes with the amounts of directional change in 3-dimensional (3D) space and to propose a method to obtain a common coordinate system using 3D surface models.

Methods: Three-dimensional volumetric label maps were built for pretreatment (T1) and posttreatment (T2) from cone-beam computed tomography images of 30 growing subjects. Seven landmarks were labeled in all T1 and T2 volumetric label maps.

Upper airway assessment using four different maxillary expanders in cleft patients: A cone-beam computed tomography study.

Objective: To evaluate the anterior and posterior maxillary width, the nasal passage volume, the oropharyngeal minimum axial area, and volume changes in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients treated with one of the following four expanders: Hyrax, Fan-Type, inverted mini-hyrax supported on the first permanent molars (iMini-M), or inverted mini-hyrax supported on the first premolars (iMini-B).

Materials And Methods: A total of 40 patients with transverse maxillary deficiency who were submitted for rapid maxillary expansion were divided in four groups according to type of expander used. Cone-beam computed tomography images were taken before and 3 months after expansion.