Efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of atazanavir (200mg twice daily) plus raltegravir (400mg twice daily) dual regimen in the clinical setting.

Background: Unboosted atazanavir with raltegravir has been investigated at 300mg twice daily showing frequent hyperbilirubinemia and selection of resistance-associated mutations.

Objectives: Atazanavir 200mg twice daily could increase tolerability and plasma exposure.

Study Design: Patients on atazanavir/raltegravir (200/400 twice daily), with self-reported adherence >95% and no concomitant interacting drugs were retrospectively evaluated.

HIV-1 Very Low Level Viremia Is Associated with Virological Failure in Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment-Treated Patients.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of HIV-1 very low-level viremia (<50 copies/ml) on the 2-year risk of virological failure. A retrospective analysis including HIV-positive patients presenting two consecutive HIV RNA below 50 copies/ml (outpatient clinic in Italy, first semester of 2010) was performed. HIV RNA was measured through real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay CAP/CTM HIV-1 version 2.

[Survival, progression to AIDS and immunosuppression in HIV-positive individuals before and after the introduction of the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)].

We evaluated the changes in the progression to death and AIDS and in the mean level of CD4 lymphocytes by calendar period in HIV-positive individuals before and after the introduction of HAART. Through data collected in a prospective cohort study (Italian Seroconversion Study) of 1899 HIV-infected persons with well estimated date of seroconversion, considered as time-zero of analysis, we calculated Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox models, allowing for staggered entries, to estimate the cumulative probability of survival and hazard-ratios (HR) for death and for AIDS by calendar period (1980-1996: pre-HAART era, 1997-1998: first HAART era, and 1999-2001: second HAART era), age at seroconversion, gender, and exposure category. During 17251 person-years, 660 HIV-positive patients developed AIDS and 510 died.