Effect of ELVAX polymer subgingival implants with echistatin on extracted and reimplanted rats' teeth.

To investigate the effect of ELVAX polymer subgingival implants incorporated with echistatin peptide on incisor reimplanted tooth in rats. Forty-two male Wistars rats were divided into two groups: echistatin-treated rats (E) and control rats (C). The animals had their right maxillary incisors extracted and treated according to the International Association of Dental Traumatology replantation protocol.

Analysis of the physicochemical properties, cytotoxicity and volumetric changes of AH Plus, MTA Fillapex and TotalFill BC Sealer.

Background: To evaluate the physicochemical properties and cytotoxicity of AH Plus, MTA Fillapex and TotalFill BC Sealer. Volumetric changes were also evaluating using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).

Material And Methods: Radiopacity and flow were evaluated in accordance with the ISO 6876, while setting time was evaluated in accordance with the ASTM- C266-08 specifications.

CAMPANELLIProgrammed Death 1 (PD-1) and PD-1 Ligand (PD-L1) Expression in Chronic Apical Periodontitis.

Objective: This study aimed to examine programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed death lig-and 1 (PD-L1) expression on leukocytes from chronic apical periodontitis, and to determine the levels of cytokines in the apical periodontitis lesions.

Methods: Leukocytes from healthy gingival tissue (n=16) and chronic apical periodontitis (n=10) were eval-uated using flow cytometry. The PD-1 and PDL-1 expressions were evaluated using flow cytometry.

Antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles as a root canal irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm and infected dentinal tubules.

Aim: To evaluate the antimicrobial action of an irrigant containing silver nanoparticles in an aqueous vehicle (AgNp), sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm and infected dentinal tubules.

Methodology: Bovine dentine blocks were used for E. faecalis biofilm development for 21 days and irrigated with 94 ppm AgNp solution, 2.

Comparison of two methods of irrigant agitation in the removal of residual filling material in retreatment.

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of passive ultrasonic irrigation and EasyClean for removing residual filling material in retreatment. Twenty-two maxillary lateral incisors with apical curvature were instrumented with ProTaper files and filled with Endofill using the lateral compactation technique. Removal of filling material was performed with Reciproc, Mtwo and ProDesign Logic 50/.

Prevalence and morphometric analysis of three-rooted mandibular first molars in a Brazilian subpopulation.

Objectives:: To determine the prevalence of three-rooted mandibular molars in a Brazilian population using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to analyze the anatomy of mandibular first molars with three roots through micro-CT.

Material And Methods:: CBCT images of 116 patients were reviewed to determine the prevalence of three-rooted first mandibular molars in a Brazilian subpopulation. Furthermore, with the use of micro-CT, 55 extracted three-rooted mandibular first molars were scanned and reconstructed to assess root length, distance between canal orifices, apical diameter, Vertucci's classification, presence of apical delta, number of foramina and furcations, lateral and accessory canals.

Efficacy of CM-Wire, M-Wire, and Nickel-Titanium Instruments for Removing Filling Material from Curved Root Canals: A Micro-Computed Tomography Study.

Introduction: The aim of this ex vivo study was to evaluate the removal of filling material after using CM-wire, M-wire, and nickel-titanium instruments in both reciprocating and rotary motions in curved canals.

Methods: Thirty maxillary lateral incisors were divided into 9 groups according to retreatment procedures: Reciproc R25 followed by Mtwo 40/.04 and ProDesign Logic 50/.

Sealing ability of MTA, CPM, and MBPc as root-end filling materials: a bacterial leakage study.

Objectives To evaluate the sealing ability of three root-end filling materials (white MTA, CPM, and MBPc) using an Enterococcus faecalis leakage model. Material and Methods Seventy single-root extracted human teeth were instrumented and root-ends were resected to prepare 3 mm depth cavities. Root-end preparations were filled with white MTA, CPM, and MBPc cements.

Micro-computed tomography analysis of the root canal anatomy and prevalence of oval canals in mandibular incisors.

Introduction: This study aimed to describe the anatomy of the mandibular incisors by using micro-computed tomography.

Methods: Mandibular incisors (n = 340) were scanned at 19-μm voxel size resolution, and the numbers of canals were classified according to Vertucci classification, as well as the major and minor diameters of the root and root canals, presence of oval canals, and three-dimensional analysis of the apical third were also measured. Data were presented in terms of median and range for each anatomic classification.

Influence of powder-to-water ratio on radiopacity, setting time, pH, calcium ion release and a micro-CT volumetric solubility of white mineral trioxide aggregate.

Aim: To evaluate the radiopacity, setting time, pH level, calcium ion release and solubility of white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA; Angelus, Londrina, Pr, Brazil) with different powder-to-water ratios.

Methodology: Three MTA groups were prepared using 4 : 1, 3 : 1 and 2 : 1 powder-to-water ratios. For the radiopacity analysis, the 10 × 1 mm specimens were arranged on occlusal films with a cylinder of dentine and an aluminium stepwedge.

Biocompatibility and setting time of CPM-MTA and white Portland cement clinker with or without calcium sulfate.

Objective: To evaluate the biocompatibility and the setting time of Portland cement clinker with or without 2% or 5% calcium sulfate and MTA-CPM.

Material And Methods: Twenty-four mice (Rattus norvegicus) received subcutaneously polyethylene tubes filled with Portland cement clinker with or without 2% or 5% calcium sulfate and MTA. After 15, 30 and 60 days of implantation, the animals were killed and specimens were prepared for microscopic analysis.

Antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine on intratubular Candida albicans.

This study investigated the efficacy of calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine gel for the elimination of intratubular Candida albicans (C. albicans). Human single-rooted teeth contaminated with C.

Antimicrobial activity of triantibiotic paste, 2% chlorhexidine gel, and calcium hydroxide on an intraoral-infected dentin biofilm model.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide, 2% chlorhexidine gel, and triantibiotic paste (ie, metronidazole, minocycline, and ciprofloxacin) by using an intraorally infected dentin biofilm model.

Methods: Forty bovine dentin specimens were infected intraorally using a removable orthodontic device in order to induce the biofilm colonization of the dentin. Then, the samples were treated with the medications for 7 days.

In vivo accuracy of conventional and digital radiographic methods in confirming root canal working length determination by Root ZX.

Objectives: To compare, in vivo, the accuracy of conventional and digital radiographic methods in determining root canal working length.

Material And Methods: Twenty-five maxillary incisor or canine teeth from 22 patients were used in this study. Considering the preoperative radiographs as the baseline, a 25 K file was inserted into the root canal to the point where the Root ZX electronic apex locator indicated the APEX measurement in the screen.

Influence of root canal sealer on the radiographic appearance of filling voids in maxillary single-rooted teeth.

Objective: This study compared the influence of three epoxy resin-based sealers with distinct radiopacities on the observers' ability to detect root canal filling voids during radiographic analysis.

Material And Methods: The root canals of 48 extracted maxillary canines were prepared and divided into three groups. Each group was laterally condensed with one sealer (AH Plus®, Acroseal® or a non-radiopaque sealer), and a longitudinal void was simulated in half of the specimens from each group (n=8).

Efficacy of the NaviTip FX irrigation needle in removing calcium hydroxide from root canal.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the NaviTip FX, brush-covered irrigation needle, in removing calcium hydroxide from the root canal.

Study Design: Thirty single-rooted teeth were randomly divided into three groups: A - irrigation with a hypodermic needle inserted as far as possible without binding and activation with #30 K-type file; B - Irrigation with a hypodermic needle without activation; C - irrigation with NaviTip FX needle. Sodium hypoclorite 1% was used in irrigation.

The antimicrobial effect of new and conventional endodontic irrigants on intra-orally infected dentin.

Objectives: To evaluate if the incorporation of antimicrobial compounds to chelating agents or the use of chelating agents with antimicrobial activity as 7% maleic acid and peracetic acid show similar disinfection ability in comparison to conventional irrigants as sodium hypochlorite or iodine potassium iodide against biofilms developed on dentin.

Materials And Methods: The total bio-volume of live cells, the ratio of live cells and the substratum coverage of dentin infected intra-orally and treated with the irrigant solutions: MTAD, Qmix, Smear Clear, 7% maleic acid, 2% iodine potassium iodide, 4% peracetic acid, 2.5% and 5.

Repair of rabbit femur defects with organic bovine bone cancellous block or cortical granules.

Purpose: To investigate the osseous repair in epiphyseal rabbit femur defects treated with organic bovine bone (OBB) cancellous block or OBB cortical granules.

Materials And Methods: Forty-eight trephined defects were made bilaterally in 30 rabbits. In 18 animals, the defects were filled with OBB cancellous block (experimental group 1) or OBB cortical granules (experimental group 2), and in 12 animals (control group), the defects on both sides were filled only with blood clot.

Micro-computed tomography study of the internal anatomy of mesial root canals of mandibular molars.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the mesiodistal and buccolingual diameter, apical volume, and the presence of isthmuses at the apical level of mesial root canals of mandibular molars.

Methods: Sixty extracted first and second mandibular molars were scanned by using a SkyScan 1076 micro-computed tomography system with a voxel size of 18 μm. The apical thirds of the samples were reconstructed to allow a perpendicular section of the apical third by using the multiplanar reconstruction tool of the OsiriX software.

Physical properties and interfacial adaptation of three epoxy resin-based sealers.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the radiopacity, solubility, flow, film thickness, setting time, and adaptation to the root canal walls of 3 epoxy resin-based sealers: AH Plus, Acroseal, and Adseal.

Methods: Physical tests were performed following American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association's requirements. For interfacial adaptation analysis, 30 maxillary canines were shaped by using ProTaper instruments.

Biofilm dissolution and cleaning ability of different irrigant solutions on intraorally infected dentin.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the biofilm dissolution and cleaning ability of different irrigant solutions on intraorally infected dentin.

Methods: One hundred twenty bovine dentin specimens were infected intraorally by using a removable orthodontic device. Thirty samples were used for each irrigant solution: 2% chlorhexidine and 1%, 2.

The influence of cone-beam computed tomography and periapical radiographic evaluation on the assessment of periapical bone destruction in dog's teeth.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of periapical radiographs, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) sections, and cone beam volumetric data on the determination of periapical bone destruction in endodontically treated distal root canals of premolar canine teeth. Nontreated mesial roots were used as controls.

Study Design: Enterococcus faecalis strain (ATCC 29212) was inoculated into 30 root canals of 2 mongrel dogs to induce apical periodontitis.

Analysis of four gutta-percha techniques used to fill mesial root canals of mandibular molars.

Aim: To compare the percentage of gutta-percha, sealer and voids and the influence of isthmuses in mesial root canals of mandibular molars filled with different techniques.

Methodology: Canals in 60 mesial roots of mandibular first molars were prepared with ProTaper instruments to size F2 (size 25, 0.08 taper) and filled using a single-cone, lateral compaction, System B or Thermafil techniques.

Comparison of GPX with or without solvent and hand files in removing filling materials from root canals--an ex vivo study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare GPX instruments and hand files for gutta-percha removal.

Study Design: Fifty maxillary central incisors with a single straight canal were instrumented and filled. The teeth were divided into 5 groups of 10 specimens each, according to the gutta-percha removal techniques: group 1: GPX (21-mm-long teeth); group 2: GPX and xylol as solvent (21-mm-long teeth); group 3: GPX (25-mm-long teeth); group 4: GPX and xylol as solvent (25-mm-long teeth); and group 5: hand files and xylol as solvent.

Heat release, time required, and cleaning ability of MTwo R and ProTaper universal retreatment systems in the removal of filling material.

Introduction: This ex vivo study evaluated the heat release, time required, and cleaning efficacy of MTwo (VDW, Munich, Germany) and ProTaper Universal Retreatment systems (Dentsply/Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and hand instrumentation in the removal of filling material.

Methods: Sixty single-rooted human teeth with a single straight canal were obturated with gutta-percha and zinc oxide and eugenol-based cement and randomly allocated to 3 groups (n = 20). After 30-day storage at 37 °C and 100% humidity, the root fillings were removed using ProTaper UR, MTwo R, or hand files.