The Role of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptors in the Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Pediatric Patients.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a chronic syndrome, affecting about 1%-5% of children. OSAS is characterized by increased resistance and collapse of the upper airways, with different degrees of severity requiring interventions ranging from lifestyle modifications to surgery. Sympathetic activity is increased in OSAS, and the reduction of disease symptoms, occurring after adenotonsillectomy, correlates with biomarkers indicating a reduced sympathetic response.

Self-experience of a negative event alters responses to others in similar states through prefrontal cortex CRF mechanisms.

Our own experience of emotional events influences how we approach and react to others' emotions. Here we observe that mice exhibit divergent interindividual responses to others in stress (that is, preference or avoidance) only if they have previously experienced the same aversive event. These responses are estrus dependent in females and dominance dependent in males.

Fluvial erosion in a catchment cultivated with no-tillage at the edge of the southern Brazilian plateau.

The dynamics of fluvial erosion responds to soil erosion and surface runoff on hillslopes due to land use and environmental fragility, conditioned by the soil, geology, relief, and rainfall rate. Despite the increasing problems associated with fluvial erosion in Brazil, little information is available on bedload transport in headwater catchments under intense agricultural activity. Therefore, this study sought to characterize the fluvial erosion processes and bedload dynamics in an experimental catchment in southern Brazil located at the edge of the Brazilian Meridional plateau, which is representative of a large area of high environmental fragility and intense agricultural activity in Southern Brazil.

Emotions in multi-brain dynamics: A promising research frontier.

Emotions drive and influence social interactions. Actions and reactions driven by emotions are dynamically modulated by continuous feedback loops between all interacting subjects. In this framework, interacting brains operate as an integrated system, with neural dynamics coevolving over time.

Clinical impact of sex differences and procedural setting in transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a well-established treatment for symptomatic patients with aortic stenosis. Yet, the impact of sex differences and public vs. private procedural setting on TAVI outcomes remain uncertain.

Late Hepatocellular Carcinoma Occurrence in Patients Achieving Sustained Virological Response After Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy: A Matter of Follow-Up or Something Else?

: Despite achieving a sustained virological response (SVR) with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), an unexpected increase in the occurrence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been observed among HCV-treated patients. This study aims to assess the long-term follow-up of HCV patients treated with DAAs who achieved an SVR to investigate the potential for late-onset HCC. : In this prospective multicenter study, we enrolled consecutive HCV patients treated with DAAs following Italian ministerial guidelines between 2015 and 2018.

Impact of ESKAPE Pathogens on Bacteremia: A Three-Year Surveillance Study at a Major Hospital in Southern Italy.

Background/objectives: ESKAPE pathogens (, , , , , and spp.) pose a serious public health threat as they are resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents. Bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by ESKAPE bacteria have high mortality rates due to the limited availability of effective antimicrobials.

Safety profile of trastuzumab originator vs biosimilars: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Purpose: In the last decade trastuzumab biosimilars became more and more frequent. Among their uses, from several years, they have been available in Europe for the treatment of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer, as an alternative to Herceptin®.

Methods/patients: This meta-analysis aimed to analyze the available literature with particular focus on phase 3 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing adverse events between trastuzumab biosimilar and originator.

Pharmacokinetics of Efmoroctocog alfa by Two-Compartment Model Highlights Hemophilia A Patients with Biphasic Decay, Long Mean Residence Time, and Beta Half-Life.

A compartmental pharmacokinetics (PK) analysis of new extended half-life FVIII concentrates has never been performed in a large cohort of hemophilia patients. An improved PK analysis of individual outcomes may help to tailor hemophilia replacement treatment. PK outcomes after the infusion of a standard single dose of Efmoroctocog alfa were collected from 173 patients with severe/moderately severe hemophilia A in 11 Italian hemophilia centers.

Interaction of family SES with children's genetic propensity for cognitive and noncognitive skills: No evidence of the Scarr-Rowe hypothesis for educational outcomes.

This study examines the role of genes and environments in predicting educational outcomes. We test the Scarr-Rowe hypothesis, suggesting that enriched environments enable genetic potential to unfold, and the compensatory advantage hypothesis, proposing that low genetic endowments have less impact on education for children from high socioeconomic status (SES) families. We use a pre-registered design with data (426 ≤  ≤ 3875).

Bacterial Porins and Their Procoagulant Role: Implication in the Pathophysiology of Several Thrombotic Complications during Sepsis.

The association between sepsis and thrombotic complications is still not well known. Different mechanisms have been shown to be involved in the sepsis-induced prothrombotic state, but clinical scenarios may differ. In this review, we have summarized the role that bacterial products such as porins and toxins can have in the induction of the prothrombotic state during sepsis and the interaction that they can have with each other.

The Role of Viruses in the Pathogenesis of Immune-Mediated Gastro-Intestinal Diseases.

Immune-mediated gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, including achalasia, celiac disease, and inflammatory bowel diseases, pose significant challenges in diagnosis and management due to their complex etiology and diverse clinical manifestations. While genetic predispositions and environmental factors have been extensively studied in the context of these conditions, the role of viral infections and virome dysbiosis remains a subject of growing interest. This review aims to elucidate the involvement of viral infections in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated GI diseases, focusing on achalasia and celiac disease, as well as the virome dysbiosis in IBD.

Learning Curve for In-Hospital Mortality of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Insights from the Brazilian National Registry.

Background: Robust data on the learning curve (LC) of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) are lacking in developing countries.

Objective: To assess TAVR's LC in Brazil over time.

Methods: We analyzed data from the Brazilian TAVR registry from 2008 to 2023.

Relationship between maternal biological features, environmental factors, and newborn neuromotor development associated with visual fixation abilities.

Newborn visual fixation abilities predict future cognitive, perceptive, and motor skills. However, little is known about the factors associated with the newborn visual fixation, which is an indicator of neurocognitive abilities. We analyzed maternal biological and environmental characteristics associated with fine motor skills (visual tracking) in 1 month old infants.

Identifying malignant mesothelioma by a pathological survey using the São Paulo state hospital cancer registry, Brazil.

Objective: To review the pathological diagnosis of possible cases and/or hidden cases of malignant mesothelioma (MM) between 2000 and 2012 using the Hospital-Based Cancer Registry database in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

Methods: Possible cases were retrieved by assessing the database. Inclusion criteria were being older than 30 years of age and having ICD-O-3 topography and morphology codes related to MM.

DNA base editing corrects common hemophilia A mutations and restores factor VIII expression in in vitro and ex vivo models.

Background: Replacement and nonreplacement therapies effectively control bleeding in hemophilia A (HA) but imply lifelong interventions. Authorized gene addition therapy could provide a cure but still poses questions on durability. FVIIIgene correction would definitively restore factor (F)VIII production, as shown in animal models through nuclease-mediated homologous recombination (HR).

Evaluating the pharmacokinetics of upadacitinib for the treatment of moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease.

Introduction: Janus kinases (JAK) are enzymes involved in signaling pathways that activate the immune system. Upadacitinib, an oral small molecule, is the first JAK inhibitor approved by FDA and EMA for the treatment of moderately to severely active Crohn's disease (CD), following successful phase II and III trials. Compared to other JAK inhibitors, upadacitinib has a high selectivity toward JAK1.