Influence of altitude training modality on performance and total haemoglobin mass in elite swimmers.

We compared changes in performance and total haemoglobin mass (tHb) of elite swimmers in the weeks following either Classic or Live High:Train Low (LHTL) altitude training. Twenty-six elite swimmers (15 male, 11 female, 21.4 ± 2.

Effects of sodium bicarbonate, caffeine, and their combination on repeated 200-m freestyle performance.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO(3)), caffeine, and their combination on repeated 200-m freestyle performance. Six elite male freestyle swimmers ingested NaHCO(3) (0.3 g/kg; B), caffeine (6.