Interleukin-4 Responsive Dendritic Cells Are Dispensable to Host Resistance Against Infection.

IL-4 and IL-13 cytokines have been associated with a non-healing phenotype in murine leishmaniasis in -infected BALB/c mice as demonstrated in IL-4, IL-13 and IL-4Rα global knockout mouse studies. However, it is unclear from the studies which cell-type-specific IL-4/IL-13 signaling mediates protection to . Previous studies have ruled out a role for IL-4-mediated protection on CD4 T cells during infections.

Unravelling the unsolved paradoxes of cytokine families in host resistance and susceptibility to infection.

Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus . Successful clearance of relies on a robust human immune response and various cytokines have been implicated in resistance and susceptibility to infection. Accordingly, various immunotherapeutic approaches involving cytokines and cytokine receptors are being considered as novel avenues of treatment given the limited efficacy of current anti-leishmanial drugs.

CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26/DPPIV) is highly expressed in peripheral blood of HIV-1 exposed uninfected female sex workers.

Background: Design of effective vaccines against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) continues to present formidable challenges. However, individuals who are exposed HIV-1 but do not get infected may reveal correlates of protection that may inform on effective vaccine design. A preliminary gene expression analysis of HIV resistant female sex workers (HIV-R) suggested a high expression CD26/DPPIV gene.