Multitechnique characterization of secondary minerals near HI-SEAS, Hawaii, as Martian subsurface analogues.

Secondary minerals in lava tubes on Earth provide valuable insight into subsurface processes and the preservation of biosignatures on Mars. Inside lava tubes near the Hawaii-Space Exploration and Analog Simulation (HI-SEAS) habitat on the northeast flank of Mauna Loa, Hawaii, a variety of secondary deposits with distinct morphologies were observed consisting of mainly sodium sulphate powders, gypsum crystalline crusts, and small coralloid speleothems that comprise opal and calcite layers. These secondary deposits formed as a result of hydrological processes shortly after the formation and cooling of the lava tubes and are preserved over long periods of time in relatively dry conditions.

Colour schemes to reduce stress response in the hygiene area of a space station: A Delphi study.

This paper aims to explore colour schemes to reduce stress response in the hygiene area of a space station. We conducted a two-stage exploratory Delphi-study with 30 international experts. It was found that the overall environment, stool-urine collection device, garbage collection interface and negative pressure package interface of the hygiene area most affected astronauts' experience.

The ESO Diffuse Interstellar Bands Large Exploration Survey: EDIBLES I. Project description, survey sample and quality assessment.

The carriers of the diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) are largely unidentified molecules ubiquitously present in the interstellar medium (ISM). After decades of study, two strong and possibly three weak near-infrared DIBs have recently been attributed to the [Formula: see text] fullerene based on observational and laboratory measurements. There is great promise for the identification of the over 400 other known DIBs, as this result could provide chemical hints towards other possible carriers.

Wound healing and mucosal immunity during short Mars analog environment mission: salivary biomarkers and its clinical implications.

Objective: Wound healing in an extreme environment with micro-gravity is not well characterized, despite the likelihood that the increasing use of manned spaceflight as a research and commercial enterprise raises the probability of traumatic injury in this state. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the impact of the isolated environment of the Mars Desert Research Station on mucosal immunity and wound healing.

Materials And Methods: Two punch biopsy wounds were placed on the hard palate of two crewmembers.

Stress, workload and physiology demand during extravehicular activity: a pilot study.

Background: Extravehicular activity (EVA), such as exercise performed under unique environmental conditions, is essential for supporting daily living in weightlessness and for further space exploration like long Mars mission.

Aim: The study was planned stress, workload, and physiological demands of simulated Mars exploration.

Materials And Methods: In this study, the six-person crew lived (24 hours) for 14 days during a short-term stay at the Mars Desert Research Station.

RETRACTED: Salivary amylase and stress during stressful environment: three Mars analog mission crews study.

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal).

Working hours, sleep, salivary cortisol, fatigue and neuro-behavior during Mars analog mission: five crews study.

The buoyancy of humans in exploring extreme space environments has been established during missions to the moon. Long duration missions like mission to Mars however, requires humans to adapt to systemic and complex environments beyond the human body's capacity. Astronauts will encounter both physiological and psychological extremes during this trip.

Evaluation by an aeronautic dentist on the adverse effects of a six-week period of microgravity on the oral cavity.

Objective. HDT bed rest condition is a simulated microgravity condition in which subject lies on bed inclined -6 degree feet up. To determine the influence of a simulated microgravity (HDT bed rest) on oral cavity, 10 healthy male volunteers were studied before, during, just after, and after 6 weeks of the simulated microgravity condition of -6° head-down-tilt (HDT) bed rest.

Evidence from the Mars Express High Resolution Stereo Camera for a frozen sea close to Mars' equator.

It is thought that the Cerberus Fossae fissures on Mars were the source of both lava and water floods two to ten million years ago. Evidence for the resulting lava plains has been identified in eastern Elysium, but seas and lakes from these fissures and previous water flooding events were presumed to have evaporated and sublimed away. Here we present High Resolution Stereo Camera images from the European Space Agency Mars Express spacecraft that indicate that such lakes may still exist.