Determinants of Self-Medication in Immigrants: A Systematic Review.

Immigrants intended to more rely on self-medication because of the difficulty of accessing formal healthcare in host countries. Negative consequences could occur when self-medication was inappropriate. This study aimed to systematically explore the prevalence, sources and determinants of immigrants' self-medication and the extent of their inappropriate self-medication episodes.

The approach of Norm Balance in predicting pharmacists' intention to collaborate with physicians to improve medication therapy.

Objective: Norm Balance is an approach under the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) where subjective norm is weighted by the relative importance of others and self-identity is weighted by the relative importance of self. The relative importance was measured previously by a trade-off measure. In this study, we developed separate measures for the relative importance.

Driving factors of community pharmacist weight management service: A structural equation modeling approach.

Background: Even though the effectiveness of community pharmacists in helping customers to reduce weight has been evident, few pharmacists provided weight management services (WMS). To drive community pharmacist WMS provision, factors affecting their intention and WMS provision were important to be investigated.

Objective: The present study aimed to explore relationships among pharmacist authority, perceived customer obstruction, WMS performance support, obstacles, and facilitators with intention to provide WMS and WMS rovision using structural equation modeling (WMS.

A systematic review of community pharmacist practices in complementary medicine.

Background: The people who use complementary medicines (CMs) believe that these medicines are safe and harmless. They could easily access CMs like herbal or traditional medicines in community pharmacies. Therefore, community pharmacists are important professionals in advising the safe choices of CMs and providing evidence-based information for customers to decrease adverse effects of CMs.

A systematic review on pharmacists' turnover and turnover intention.

Background: Turnover is an important issue in all healthcare professions including pharmacy practice settings. A high turnover rate of pharmacists, not only has negative financial impact, but also reduces quality of care and patient safety. The high turnover also increases workload and job stress which can increase job errors and decrease job efficiency and performance in pharmacy practices.

What drives pharmacists' turnover intention: A systematic review.

Background: Pharmacist turnover can negatively impact not only on work efficiency, organizational performance, work productivity and customer satisfaction, but also on the quality of pharmaceutical services and patient safety. Turnover intention is a core antecedent of turnover. Turnover intention of the pharmacists is affected by many factors related to their organization or job.

Consumers' adverse drug event reporting via community pharmacists: three stakeholder perception.

Background: Adverse drug event (ADE) reporting is a significant process to increase consumer care and consumer safety associated with the use of medicines. An in-depth investigation into low ADE reporting by consumers and community pharmacists was undertaken to uncover interventions to improve reporting.

Method: In-depth interviewing of the three parties; consumers, pharmacists and employees of the Pharmacovigilance Center in Thailand, was used to collect the data.

Factors influencing patient intention to report adverse drug reaction to community pharmacists: A structural equation modeling approach.

Background: Under-reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is the main problem of spontaneous ADR reporting systems, especially reporting from community pharmacists. However, community pharmacists cannot report ADRs if patients do not report them.

Objective: To investigate factors that can influence patients' intention to report ADRs to community pharmacists and to develop a structural model of influencing factors to report ADRs from patients.

Development of a medication monitoring attitude measure using a mixed methods item development process.

Objectives: Medication monitoring is important for safe and effective medication use; however, no attitudinal measure exists for a health care provider's medication monitoring attitude. The objectives of this study were to (1) create a measure of a community pharmacist medication monitoring attitude; (2) test concurrent validity using a validated measure of medication monitoring behaviours; and (3) report community pharmacist attitudes towards medication monitoring.

Methods: A mixed methods item development process was employed to generate Likert-type items from qualitative interviews.

A qualitative investigation of protégé expectations and proposition of an evaluation model for formal mentoring in pharmacy education.

Background: Student pharmacist mentoring programs have gained attention from colleges of pharmacy as a way to enhance the student experience. However, no evaluative models have been proposed or theoretical explanations described for use in improving formal mentoring programs in pharmacy or for guiding the construction of a literature base.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to investigate student expectations and preferences for formal mentoring programs and propose a model for evaluating formal mentoring programs in pharmacy education.

AACP strategy for addressing the professional development needs of department chairs.

Objectives: Characterize the skills and abilities required for department chairs, identify development needs, and then create AACP professional development programs for chairs.

Methods: A 30-question electronic survey was sent to AACP member department chairs related to aspects of chairing an academic department.

Results: The survey identified development needs in the leadership, management, and personal abilities required for effective performance as department chair.

VA QUERI informatics paper: information technology for clinical guideline implementation: perceptions of multidisciplinary stakeholders.

Objective: This multisite study compared the perceptions of three stakeholder groups regarding information technologies as barriers to and facilitators of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs).

Design: The study settings were 18 U.S.

What factors influence provider knowledge of a congestive heart failure guideline in a national health care system?

Provider knowledge is a potential barrier to adherence to clinical guidelines. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of organizational, provider, and guideline factors on provider knowledge of a congestive heart failure (CHF) clinical practice guideline (CPG) in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) health care system. We developed a survey to investigate institution-level factors influencing the effectiveness of guideline implementation, including characteristics of the guideline, providers, hospital culture and structure, and regional network.

Assessing and managing acute pain in older adults: a research base to guide practice.

Older adults experiencing acute pain are often underassessed and undertreated. This review summarizes recommendations from an evidence-based practice guideline on acute pain management in older adults. Key areas highlighted are pain assessment and monitoring, patient education, pharmacologic management, and nonpharmacologic management.

Third party bargaining and contract terms: a link over time?

Objective: To evaluate whether prior pharmacy bargaining process strategies and pharmacy dependence on third parties affect the bargaining power of pharmacies in price negotiations with third parties.

Design: One-time survey.

Setting: Random sample of 900 independent and small chain pharmacies in nine states: Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Kentucky, Minnesota, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin.